1) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
Giving your answer to the first decimal place and in liters, one mole of gas at 1.00 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 273.15 kelvin occupies what volume?
ANSWER: 22.41) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 300 cubic centimeters at a pressure of 2 atmospheres. Calculate what the pressure would have to be, in atmospheres to the first decimal place, in order for the gas to have a volume of 500 cubic centimeters at constant temperature:
ANSWER: 1.2 (Solution: P2 = PiVi/V2 = (2 atm)(300 cm3)/500 cm3 = 1.2 atm)2) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true regarding glycogen:
W) glycogen synthesis is endergonic (read as: en-der-GONE-ick)
X) glycogen is a polysaccharide
Y) glycogen side branches have beta 1,4 linkages
Z) glycogen in the human liver often has more than 10,000 glucose monomers
2) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
Zidovudine a nucleoside with anti viral activity, is used to delay the onset of this disease. Name the disease.
ANSWER: AIDS3) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
What is the main respiratory pigment of skeletal muscle cells?
ANSWER: MYOGLOBIN3) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
Choosing from primary through quaternary, what level of protein structure is conferred by a beta pleated sheet?
ANSWER: SECONDARY4) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
What is the most common scientific term for plant water loss through stomata:
ANSWER: TRANSPIRATION4) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What are the four main human blood types?
ANSWER: O, A, B, AND AB (accept in any order)5) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
A sensory neuron is also referred to as which of the following:
W) motor neuron
X) interneuron
Y) efferent (pronounced: EE-ferent) neuron
Z) afferent (pronounced: A-ferent) neuron
5) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
If the Gram stain reveals a red-stained coccus, which of the following would most likely be true:
W) it would not be sensitive to penicillin
X) it would be acid-fast
Y) it would possess the “Park-Peptide”
Z) it would be motile
6) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
An increase in which of the following conditions would NOT lead to an increase in pressure of a gas in a piston:
W) increased temperature
X) increased number of gas molecules
Y) increased average kinetic energy of gas particles
Z) increased volume
6) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Photographic film contains an emulsion of
W) silver chloride
X) silver bromide
Y) iron sulfide
Z) sodium perborate
7) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Intrusive igneous rocks are characterized by which of the following?
W) Smaller crystal structures
X) Larger crystal structures
Y) Fine-grained textures
Z) Shiny luster
7) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer
Order the following minerals from hardest to softest: corundum, Gypsum, Fluorite, Quartz
ANSWER: corundum, Quartz, Fluorite, Gypsum (Accept: 1, 4, 3, 2)8) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
An enzyme begins oxidation of a fourteen-carbon fatty acid. This metabolic step produces a twelve-carbon fatty acid and what other product?
ANSWER: ACETIC ACID (ACCEPT: ETHANOIC ACID)8) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
What ring size would be obtained at the end of the following three-step reaction sequence: 1) Diels-Alder cyclization of 1,3- cyclohexadiene [sy-kloh-HEK-suh-deen] with methyl vinyl ketone; 2) Ozone; 3) Dimethyl [dy-METH-uhl] sulfide?
ANSWER: SIX9) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
What does `pi/4` radians equal in degrees?
W) 90 degrees
X) 360 degrees
Y) 30 degrees
Z) 45 degrees
9) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (1,2) and is perpendicular to the line `y = 2x + 1`.
ANSWER: `y = -(1/2)x + 2.5` or `y - 2 = (-1/2)(x - 1)`10) Toss Up - Energy - Multiple Choice
Biomass, produced from plant-based materials, provides half of all renewable energy consumed in the United States. What type of biomass energy do we use most?
W) Biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel)
X) Trash
Y) Landfill gas
Z) Wood
10) Bonus - Energy - Multiple Choice
What is the theoretical limit of the efficiency of a single-crystal single-junction cell in a photovoltaic system?
W) 9 percent
X) 29 percent
Y) 79 percent
Z) 99 percent
11) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following represents the inverse function of `f(x) = x^3 + 5`:
W) `(x - 5)^3`
X) `x^3 - 5`
Y) `(x-5)^(1/3)`
Z) `( 1 / (x-5) )^3`
11) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Find the value of k that will result in a unique, real solution for the following equation: kx2 + 10x + 25 = 0
ANSWER: 112) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice
Which printer uses bits of plastic that effectively are melted onto the surface of the paper:
W) thermal
X) ink jet
Y) laser
Z) dot matrix
12) Bonus - Computer Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true for a binary tree but not for a regular tree:
W) it stores only zeros and ones
X) each parent node has no more than two children
Y) its branches are ordered
Z) nodes without children are called leaves
13) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
For which values of g is the following inequality true: `6g + 4 > 9g - 11`?
ANSWER: `g < 5`13) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice
If f(x) (read as: f of x) represents the function whose graph is the standard normal distribution curve, then how do the inflection points on the curve for 2f(x) (read as: 2 f of x) compare to those of f(x)?
W) Both curves have the same inflection points
X) The 2f(x) inflection points are twice as far apart but the same height
Y) The 2f(x) inflection points are twice as high but the same distance apart z) The 2f(x) inflection points are both twice as far apart and twice as high
14) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
A molecule that relays the message inside the cell when a hormone attaches to the cell's surface is called a
W) chaperon
X) neurotransmitter
Y) interleukin
Z) second messenger
14) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
An enzyme inhibitor whose method of action has to do with its size and shape is known as a
W) allosteric inhibitor
X) steric inhibitor
Y) competitive inhibitor
Z) non-competitive inhibitor
15) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
What wasteful process occurs when rubisco acts as an oxygenase [OK-si-juh-nays] instead of a carboxylase [kahr-BOK-suh-layz] during the Calvin cycle, decreasing the efficiency of photosynthesis and producing carbon dioxide?
ANSWER: PHOTORESPIRATION15) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
In contrast to the lysogenic [ly-suh-JEN-ik] cycle of a bacteriophage [bak-TEER-ee-uh-fayj], the lytic cycle does which of the following?
W) Integrates phage DNA into the host chromosome
X) Involves the dissolution of host cells to release new phages
Y) Features prophages that can be excised from the host chromosome z) Copies phage DNA when the cell divides
16) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Magma that fills vertical cracks and solidifies forms a
W) dike
X) batholith
Y) laccolith
Z) volcanic neck
16) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
The bedrock in a karst region would most likely be
W) granite
X) volcanic tuff
Y) limestone
Z) colluvium
17) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a man-made coastal structure that causes coastal erosion by blocking oceanic longshore drift:
W) jetty
X) barrier island
Y) atoll
Z) fringing reef
17) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer
Used as a way to categorize rivers and streams, what is the term for the volume of water flowing through the cross-section of a channel over a given period of time?
ANSWER: DISCHARGE (ACCEPT: DISCHARGE RATE)18) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
What is typically the largest organelle of a mature plant cell and can comprise up to 80% of the cell’s volume?
ANSWER: CENTRAL VACUOLE (ACCEPT: VACUOLE)18) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What eukaryotic cell organelle primarily functions to modify, sort, and package products for exocytosis?
ANSWER: GOLGI (ACCEPT: GOLGI APPARATUS, COMPLEX or STACK)19) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
What is the name of the Scottish physicist who developed the mathematical description of the theory of light?
ANSWER: (JAMES CLERK) MAXWELL19) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
A current of 6 amperes flows through a 2 ohm resistor for 30 seconds. How many coulombs of charge have passed through the resistor?
ANSWER: 180 COULOMBS20) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
Which scientist was the first to theorize that Earth rotates around an axis, and who was the first to substantially prove this theory?
ANSWER: Copernicus, Foucault20) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
About what percent of the total mass in our solar system is contained within the Sun?
W) 99%
X) 86%
Y) 79%
Z) 66%
21) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
An aneroid barometer is specifically designed to be very stiff, so that
W) it will not be sensitive to small fluctuations near the barometer
X) it will show changes more easily when tapped
Y) it will decrease the range of motion to a small region
Z) it will decrease the period of oscillation about the spring system
21) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
The specific gravity of bromine liquid is about 3.1. How high would a tube of bromine need to be filled to provide a pressure of one atmosphere?
W) 0.955 meters
X) 3.3 meters
Y) 7.1 meters
Z) 10.5 meters
22) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
What is the chemical formula of Titanium (III) oxide (read: Titanium three oxide)?
ANSWER: Ti2O322) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
What is the mass, in amu, of the atom Uranium-238 if it goes through alpha decay?
ANSWER: 23423) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Which of the following would astronomers most likely consider emission nebula:
W) Population III (read as: 3) regions
X) Population II (read as: 2) regions
Y) glowing H II (read as: H, 2) regions
Z) active regions
23) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
In which of the following locations would there typically be more Population Two stars than Population One stars:
W) in globular clusters
X) in spiral arms of galaxies
Y) in planetary nebula
Z) in regions actively forming stars
24) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Which of the following machines would most likely be used to produce radioisotopes for PET scans?
W) Van der Graff Gen
X) Cyclotron
Y) Nuclear reactor
Z) Cloud Chamber
24) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
The development of anode rays, also known as canal rays, led to the development of what scientific instrument?
ANSWER: MASS SPECTROMETER25) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is closest to the area of a triangle whose sides are a = 10, b = 12 and c = 18:
W) 57
X) 81
Y) 90
Z) 108
25) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
If the 1st term of an arithmetic sequence is 4 and the 20th term is 156, what are the first five terms in the sequence:
ANSWER: 4, 12, 20, 28, 36