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1) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
W) excretion of urea
X) regulation of fluids and electrolytes
Y) elimination of toxic substances
Z) defecation

ANSWER: Z) defecation
1) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

Which of the following are skin receptors in humans that are sensitive to heat? Are they:
W) end organs of Krause
X) Meissner's corpuscles
Y) end organs of Ruffini
Z) Pacinian corpuscles

ANSWER: Y) end organs of Ruffini
2) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer

What are "cool" areas on the surface of the Sun called?

ANSWER: sun spots
2) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of stars would be found in the lower left hand= region of the Hertzsprung=96Russell diagram?
W) Red Giant
X) Brown Dwarf
Y) White Dwarf
Z) Super Giant

ANSWER: Y) White Dwarf
3) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

The sea nettle is the Bering Sea’s most common:
W) jellyfish
X) crab
Y) sea urchin
Z) walleye pollock

ANSWER: W) JELLYFISH
3) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice

1 cubic foot per second equals approximately how many gallons per minutes:
W) 256
X) 449
Y) 646
Z) 724

ANSWER: X) 449
4) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice

Which of the following factors is most important in controlling the density of seawater?
W) Temperature
X) Salinity
Y) Pressure z) Amount of oxygen in water

ANSWER: W) TEMPERATURE
4) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer

The Palmer Drought Severity Index is based on five factors: precipitation, evapotranspiration, the amount of water needed for soil recharge, the amount of runoff needed to keep bodies of water at normal levels and what other factor?

ANSWER: STORED SOIL MOISTURE (ACCEPT: SOIL MOISTURE)
5) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is generated from temperature changes in the atmosphere?
W) Latent heat
X) Sensible heat
Y) Potential temperature
Z) Irradiate heat

ANSWER: X) SENSIBLE HEAT
5) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer

What kind of black hole can be described entirely by its mass?

ANSWER: SCHWARZSCHILD
6) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

What sound intensity level is equivalent to 1 Watt per square meter?
W) 1 dB
X) 60 dB
Y) 120 dB
Z) 140 dB

ANSWER: Y) 120 DB
6) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

What is a mirage in which the image(a lake in the desert for example) is seen under the real object?

ANSWER: INFERIOR MIRAGE
7) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The root-mean-square sped of molecules in a gas is:
W) the most probable speed
X) that speed such that half the molecules are moving faster than vrms and the other half are moving slower
Y) the average speed of the molecules
Z) the square root of the sum of the velocities squared

ANSWER: Z) the square root of the sum of the velocities squared
7) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

An ideal monatomic gas has a molar specific heat Cv at constant volume of:
W) R
X) 3R/2
Y) 5R/2
Z) 7R/2

ANSWER: X) 3R/2
8) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The rate-determining step of a reaction is the
W) fastest step.
X) slowest step.
Y) first step.
Z) last step.

ANSWER: X-- SLOWEST STEP
8) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

What is the general relationship between concentration and reaction rate?
W) The higher the concentration, the higher the reaction rate
X) The higher the concentration, the lower the reaction rate
Y) Concentration and reaction rate vary inversely
Z) There is no relationship between the two

ANSWER: W-- THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION, THE HIGHER THE REACTION RATE
9) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

Water flows continuously through a pipe with cross-sectional area 4m^2 at 2m/s, the pipe narrows to a cross-sectional area 1m^2, what is the water's speed in the narrower section of pipe?

ANSWER: 8M/S
9) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

press with a 2 by 2 m platfrom supports an 8000N weight at height h, the other end of the hydrolic system, also at height h houses a piston, the face of which has an area of 50cm^2, what is the magnitude of the force on the piston necessary to keep the press in equilibrium?

ANSWER: 10N
10) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

In the Central Dogma established by Watson and Crick, the ideas of replication transcription and translation did not consider the creation of DNA from RNA since what enzyme was not yet discovered:

ANSWER: REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
10) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

Penicillium notatum is to penicillin as Streptomyces erythraeus (pronounced: strep-TOE-my-sees EE-rith-ray-us) is to:

ANSWER: ERYTHROMYCIN
11) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

The physical property used in mineral identification for the way a mineral's surface reflects light is called:
W) streak
X) polish
Y) refractivity
Z) luster

ANSWER: Z) LUSTER
11) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer

In 1962, Harry Hess at Princeton University hypothesized that the topography of the seafloor could be explained if the seafloor were moving sideways away from the oceanic ridge. This came to be called the Hess hypothesis of:

ANSWER: SEAFLOOR SPREADING
12) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

This drug, used for treatment of cardiac diseases, is obtained from the purple foxglove.

ANSWER: digitalis
12) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which one of the following molecules exhibits resonance?
W) Carbon Tetrachloride
X) Carbonate ion
Y) Sulfur Dichloride
Z) Phosphorus Tribromide

ANSWER: X) Carbonate ion
13) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

The development of this is usually considered by anthropologists and sociologists the main prerequisite for an advanced social, economic and political structure:
W) art
X) technology
Y) monetary system
Z) agriculture

ANSWER: Z) AGRICULTURE
13) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer

What term derived from the Greek word for “shortcoming” generally means an apparent lag in effect behind what is causing it?

ANSWER: HYSTERESIS
14) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

In Planck’s equation E = hv, (pronounced: E equals h new), h represents which of the following:
W) photon energy in joules
X) photon speed in kilometers per second
Y) Planck’s constant
Z) the quantum energy of a single electron

ANSWER: Y) PLANCK’S CONSTANT
14) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of materials make the best high- temperature superconductors:
W) metals
X) non-metals
Y) gasses
Z) transuranics

ANSWER: X) NON-METALS
15) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Bananas, citrus fruits, and day lilies are all examples of plants that have more than two sets of chromosomes. What is the term for this phenomenon?
W) Polyploidy
X) Genetic variability
Y) Mutation
Z) Diploidy

ANSWER: W) POLYPLOIDY
15) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

People with insulin-dependent diabetes are now treated with pure human insulin produced by human genes inserted into bacteria. What is the name for an organism produced by taking genes from one organism and inserting them into the cells of a different organism?
W) Clone
X) A transgenic organism
Y) Hybrid
Z) A mutagenic organism

ANSWER: X) A TRANSGENIC ORGANISM
16) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

Love waves are surface waves that are transverse to the direction of wave propagation. What are waves that have both transverse and longitudinal motion called?

ANSWER: RAYLEIGH WAVES
16) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

What is the scattering of light by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light? This phenomenon causes the sky to appear blue.

ANSWER: RAYLEIGH SCATTERING
17) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary structure:
W) stratification
X) schistosity
Y) cross bedding
Z) graded bedding

ANSWER: X) SCHISTOSITY
17) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

If the air temperature is 80°F and the dew point is 60°F, what is the relative humidity?
W) 100%
X) 150%
Y) 51%
Z) 8%

ANSWER: Y) 51%
18) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following pairs of minerals are difficult to tell apart because both are always dark in color and almost equally hard?
W) muscovite and orthoclase
X) muscovite and quartz
Y) hornblende and talc
Z) hornblende and augite

ANSWER: Z) hornblende and augite
18) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

Hawaiian volcanoes such as Kilauea and Mauna Loa are examples of which of the following types of volcanoes:
W) basaltic
X) rhyolitic
Y) andesitic
Z) andesitic and rhyolitic

ANSWER: W) basaltic
19) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

On a compact disk, data is written by changes in surface level. Lands are unaltered flat regions. What is the name for spots burned into the disk?

ANSWER: PITS
19) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

Lands and pits are scanned by lasers on CDs to register binary data. Which of the following possibilities would register a one during a given time interval: constant pit; constant land; switch from pit to land; switch from land to pit.

ANSWER: SWITCH FROM PIT TO LAND; SWITCH FROM LAND TO PIT (3 AND 4)
20) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

In which of the following locations would there typically be more Population Two stars than Population One stars:
W) in globular clusters
X) in spiral arms of galaxies
Y) in planetary nebula
Z) in regions actively forming stars

ANSWER: W) in globular clusters
20) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

A Planetary Nebula is
W) A very young star
X) A cloud of gas and dust where new stars are forming
Y) An interstellar molecular cloud
Z) An expanding shell of gas surrounding a dying star

ANSWER: Z) An expanding shell of gas surrounding a dying star
21) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

What percentage of the earth's atmosphere does O2 comprise?
W) 0.75
X) 0.5
Y) 0.21
Z) 0.32

ANSWER: Y) 0.21
21) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a famous hanging trough waterfall?
W) Yellowstone Falls
X) Yosemite Falls
Y) Niagara Falls
Z) Victoria Falls

ANSWER: X) Yosemite Falls
22) Toss Up - General Science - Short Answer

James Lovelock popularized the theory which suggests that the Earth functions as a self-regulating “superorganism.” What is the name of this theory?

ANSWER: GAIA (THEORY)
22) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice

Pollination by birds is called
W) autogamy.
X) ornithophily (pron: or-nith-off’-ily).
Y) entomophily (pron: ent-eh-mof’-illy).
Z) anemophily (pron: an-eh-mof’-illy).

ANSWER: X-- ORNITHOPHILY
23) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

In a standing wave of a vibrating string, what are the points of constructive interference called where the string oscillates with maximum amplitude?

ANSWER: ANTINODES
23) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

For a radioactive element with a half-life of 5000 years, if a 10kg sample of the radioactive element is left to decay for 15,000 years, what mass of the original radioactive atoms in the sample will be left?

ANSWER: 1.25KG
24) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

A runner weighing 65 kg travels at 4 m/s along a straight track for 10 seconds and then runs around a circular track with a radius of 4 m at the same speed until he stops at the entrance of the circular track. What is his total displacement?
W) 0
X) 40 m
Y) 80 m
Z) 160 m

ANSWER: X) 40 M
24) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

A man weighing 60 kg runs around a circular track of radius 10 m at a constant speed of 5 m/s. What is the magnitude of the force required to keep him running in the circle?

ANSWER: 150 N
25) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the appropriate units for Entropy?
W) Coulombs per Kelvin
X) Calories per Joules
Y) Kilograms per Joules
Z) Joules per Kelvin

ANSWER: Z) JOULES PER KELVIN
25) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

Who is the person responsible for the discovery of polaroids, materials that can polarize light through selective absorption by oriented molecules?
W) Land
X) Malus
Y) Ilinykh
Z) Brewster

ANSWER: W) LAND