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1) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

What specific area of the human diencephalon is responsible for producing factors that regulate the release of hormones of the pituitary?

ANSWER: HYPOTHALAMUS
1) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an insertion of the human biceps femoris muscle:
W) ventral portion of the head of the femur
X) lateral sides of the head of the tibia
Y) ileac crest
Z) pubic symphisis

ANSWER: X) LATERAL SIDES OF THE HEAD OF THE TIBIA
2) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Which of the following animals would have the highest levels of myoglobin [my-uh-GLOH-bin] in their muscle?
W) American pronghorn
X) Human being
Y) Weddell seal
Z) Kangaroo rat

ANSWER: Y) WEDDELL SEAL
2) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

Some virus species can infect an individual host more than once because they change the shape of molecules exposed on the surface of their virions [VY-ree-ons] so that they are no longer recognized by the host’s immunological memory. The influenza virus can make sudden and drastic changes in these molecules due to a phenomenon called reassortment. Which of the following contributes to the process of reassortment?
W) Widely varying strains of influenza
X) The diversity of animals infected by influenza
Y) The segmented genome found in influenza z) The lack of effective antivirals against influenza until recently

ANSWER: Y) THE SEGMENTED GENOME FOUND IN INFLUENZA
3) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

Identify the type of conic section represented by the equation, `x^2 - 16y^2 = 64`:

ANSWER: HYPERBOLA
3) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

Giving your answer in millimeters squared, find the lateral surface area of a right pentagonal prism whose altitude is 12 millimeters and base has sides of length 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 millimeters, respectively:

ANSWER: 720
4) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

Who discovered the concept of atomic number?

ANSWER: MOSELEY
4) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

What substance is used to improve the clarity of X-rays of the gastrointestinal tract?
W) barium sulfate
X) barium chloride
Y) calcium chloride
Z) silver chloride

ANSWER: W-- BARIUM SULFATE
5) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT considered a state function of a system in a reaction:
W) work
X) enthalpy
Y) temperature
Z) volume

ANSWER: W) work
5) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

In which of the following reversible gas reactions does the value of Kp = Kc (read as: K sub P equal K sub C):
W) A + B . C (read as: A plus B, double arrow, yields C)
X) 2A + B . C + D
Y) A + B . C + D
Z) A . B + C

ANSWER: Y) A + B . C + D
6) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary structure:
W) stratification
X) schistosity
Y) cross bedding
Z) graded bedding

ANSWER: X) SCHISTOSITY
6) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

If the air temperature is 80°F and the dew point is 60°F, what is the relative humidity?
W) 100%
X) 150%
Y) 51%
Z) 8%

ANSWER: Y) 51%
7) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

For the function `f(x) = 1/x` what is f prime of 5

ANSWER: -0.04
7) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

Find the solution set of the following inequality: `x^2 - x - 2 <= 0`

ANSWER: `-1 <= x <= 2`
8) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a response of liver cells to glucagon?
W) Decrease of glucose breakdown
X) Increase of gluconeogenesis (read as: gluh-koh-nee-oh-JEHN-eh-sis)
Y) Increase of release of calcium ions
Z) Increase of fat synthesis

ANSWER: Z) INCREASE OF FAT SYNTHESIS
8) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

What compound is secreted into the digestive system to reduce gastric acidity?

ANSWER: SODIUM BICARBONATE
9) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

Point sources of pollution include all of the following except
W) an automobile tailpipe
X) a factory smokestack
Y) a drainpipe from a power plant
Z) runoff from cropland

ANSWER: Z) RUNOFF FROM CROPLAND
9) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice

All of the following are given off by natural radioactivity except
W) alpha particles
X) delta rays
Y) gamma rays
Z) beta particles

ANSWER: X) DELTA RAYS
10) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

A woman is 30 years older than her daughter. Five years ago she was three times as old as her daughter. What are their present ages?

ANSWER: the woman is 50 years old, the daughter is 20 years
10) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice

If the first derivative of a function at a point is zero, and the second derivative is negative, then the point is a
W) local minima.
X) inflection point.
Y) discontinuity.
Z) local maxima.

ANSWER: Z) local maxima.
11) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice

Which of the following marine environments has the fewest trophic levels?
W) Coastal Arctic
X) Subtropical gyre
Y) Coastal Antarctic
Z) Peruvian upwelling zone

ANSWER: Y) COASTAL ANTARCTIC
11) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer

The presence of which organism allows for the low level of trophic complexity observed in coastal Antarctic waters?

ANSWER: KRILL [ACCEPT: EUPHAUSIIDS (read as: yuh-FOH-zee-ids)]
12) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The best name for the compound made by combining magnesium and chlorine is
W) magnesium dichloride
X) dimagnesium monochloride
Y) magnesium chloride
Z) chlorine magnusate

ANSWER: Y) MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
12) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

A substance that can react as an acid or a base is called

ANSWER: AMPHOTERIC (OR AMPHIPROTIC)
13) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

What is the primary neurotransmitter in the brain?

ANSWER: Serotonin
13) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

What is the most common term used in genetics to describe the observable physical characteristics of an organism caused by the expression of a gene or set of genes?

ANSWER: PHENOTYPE
14) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

What is the common name for the product of human lachrymal (read as: LACK-reh-mal) glands?

ANSWER: TEARS
14) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

Name all of the following 4 plants that have their seeds typically dispersed by wind: dandelion; milkweed; maize; lupine

ANSWER: DANDELION; MILKWEED
15) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice

Find the value of log base 2 of 1.
W) -1
X) 0
Y) 100
Z) 1

ANSWER: X) 0
15) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice

The polynomial `x^2 + 2xy + y^2` is
W) not homogeneous
X) homogeneous in the first degree
Y) homogeneous in the second degree
Z) homogeneous in the third degree

ANSWER: Y) HOMOGENEOUS IN THE SECOND DEGREE
16) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

With respect to the hydrocarbon chain, where is the carbonyl group in an aldehyde located?
W) in the middle of the chain
X) in the interior of the chain
Y) anywhere on the chain
Z) at the end of the chain

ANSWER: Z-- AT THE END OF THE CHAIN
16) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The number prefix is not used when naming an aldehyde because
W) all aldehydes have the same composition.
X) only one aldehyde is known to exist.
Y) the carbonyl group is always at the end of the chain.
Z) the functional group is free to move along the chain.

ANSWER: Y-- THE CARBONYL GROUP IS ALWAYS AT THE END OF THE CHAIN
17) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following devices contains a step-up transformer?
W) Calculator
X) Fluorescent light
Y) Tape player
Z) Doorbell

ANSWER: X-- FLUORESCENT LIGHT
17) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following devices contains a step-down transformer?
W) Radio
X) Television set
Y) X-ray machine
Z) Calculator

ANSWER: W-- RADIO
18) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

What is the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration of `1 xx 10^-8` moles/dm3 (read as: `1 xx 10^-8` moles per cubic decimeter)?
W) 7
X) 6
Y) 8
Z) 7.5

ANSWER: Y) 8
18) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

What gas was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772 by placing a mouse inside a bell jar, removing all the oxygen in the jar by burning a substance in it, and demonstrating the asphyxiation of the mouse:

ANSWER: NITROGEN (ACCEPT: N2)
19) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

What is the common name of a living species in the order Proboscidea [pro-bos-SID-ee-uh]?

ANSWER: ELEPHANTS (ACCEPT: AFRICAN ELEPHANT OR ASIAN ELEPHANT)
19) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

In which of the following glands do hematopoietic [hi-mat-oh-poi-EE-tik] stem cells develop into T cells?
W) Pineal [PIN-ee-uh]
X) Thymus [THY-muhs]
Y) Pituitary [pi-TOO-i-ter-ee]
Z) Adrenal

ANSWER: X) THYMUS
20) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

All proteins contain at least 5 specific elements. Four of them are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. What is the fifth element?

ANSWER: sulfur
20) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

In the compound ammonia
W) each hydrogen has a partial negative charge.
X) the nitrogen has a full positive charge.
Y) the N-H bond is an ionic bond.
Z) the Lewis structure will have one unshared pair of electrons.

ANSWER: Z) the Lewis structure will have one unshared pair of electrons.
21) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

What are the respective frequencies of the second and third harmonics of a string with a fundamental frequency of 262 hertz?

ANSWER: 524 AND 786
21) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

Assuming that they roll without sliding, order the following 3 objects from the one with the SMALLEST rotational velocity down an arbitrarily long inclined plane to the one with the LARGEST, after 5 seconds: a one-inch-diameter o-ring; a three-quarter inch-diameter marble; a quarter

ANSWER: A ONE-INCH-DIAMETER O-RING; A QUARTER; A THREE-QUARTER INCH-DIAMETER MARBLE
22) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

Maria on the moon are:
W) darker and smoother parts of the moon’s surface
X) mountains of the moon
Y) irregular craters
Z) highland areas which show up as irregular contours

ANSWER: W) DARKER AND SMOOTHER PARTS OF THE MOON’S SURFACE
22) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer

Based on “best altitude conditions”, during what month in the northern hemisphere is it the best time to observe the full moon?

ANSWER: DECEMBER (Solution: Norton Star Atlas pg. 96)
23) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

What German mathematician in 1865 cut a long rectangular strip of paper, gave the paper a half-twist, and pasted the ends together, to show that a sheet can have only one side?

ANSWER: AUGUSTUS MOBIUS (ACCEPT: MOBIUS)
23) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

In a triangle ABC, angle A = 55° and angle B = 70°. If line segment AB = 3x - 2 and line segment BC = x + 10, what is the value of x?

ANSWER: 6 (Solution: Isosceles, thus: AB = BC; 3x - 2 = x + 10; x = 6)
24) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the name of the elements in Group 16?

ANSWER: Chalcogens (Accept: Chalcogen, Oxygen Family)
24) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

When Carbonic acid is created, it always decomposes into:

ANSWER: Dihydrogen Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide (Accept: H2O and CO2, Water and CO2)
25) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice

Earth is farthest from the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere's summer, and Earth is closest to the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere's winter. During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth's orbital velocity greatest?
W) Winter
X) Spring
Y) Summer
Z) Fall

ANSWER: ) Winter
25) Bonus - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice

Which information about a nearby star must be known to determine its distance from an observer?
W) size
X) color
Y) temperature
Z) parallax

ANSWER: Z) parallax