1) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Baryonic matter in the universe exists primarily in what state?
W) solid
X) liquid
Y) gas
Z) plasma
1) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Name the weather phenomenon in which luminous plasma is created by a coronal discharge from a grounded object in an electric field in the atmosphere.
ANSWER: ST. ELMO’S FIRE2) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
In which of the following locations would a spliceosome [SPLY-see-uh-sohm] be found?
W) Nucleus [NOO-klee-uhs]
X) Cytoplasm
Y) Plasma membrane
Z) Endosome
2) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
Identify all of the following five structures which can be found on paramecia [par-uh-MEE-see-uh]: 1) oral groove, 2) cilia, 3) contractile vacuoles, 4) flagella, 5) trichocysts [TRIK-uh-sists].
ANSWER: 1,2, 3, 5 (ACCEPT: ORAL GROOVE, CILIA, CONTRACTILE VACUOLES, TRICHOCYSTS)3) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
By name or number, which of the following three choices are possible constituents of cold dark matter: 1) axions, 2) photinos, 3) quark nuggets?
ANSWER: AXIONS, PHOTINOS, AND QUARK NUGGETS (ACCEPT: 1,2, AND 3 OR ALL)3) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the wavelength, rounded to the nearest ten meters, for the carrier wave of the AM radio station WDOE 1410?
ANSWER: 2104) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following organic groups is NEVER bound to the central carbon atom of an amino acid?
W) Carboxyl
X) Methyl
Y) Amine
Z) Nitrile
4) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
By name or number, identify all of the following four biological processes that rely on the participation of calcium ions: 1) oxygen transport, 2) sweat production, 3) digestion, 4) muscular contraction?
ANSWER: MUSCULAR CONTRACTION (ACCEPT: 4)5) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
Based on the acid dissociation constants of the following acids, order the following 4 acids from the strongest to the weakest in acid strength: HBr; HCl; HF; HI
ANSWER: Hi; Hbr; Hcl; Hf5) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which of the following would you expect to have an electron affinity of zero:
W) chlorine
X) carbon
Y) hydrogen
Z) helium
6) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
The Department of Energy’s B-Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Lab is designed to collide electron and positron beams of unequal energies and produce millions of these particles, which are commonly called:
W) B mesons
X) B leptons
Y) B muons
Z) B neutrons
6) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
According to Coulomb’s Law, if two charged particles are repelled with a given force at a distance d, by what multiple will the force decrease by if d is increased by 4 times?
ANSWER: 16 TIMES7) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
The energy of a photon divided by its momentum is equal to
W) Planck’s constant
X) Planck’s reduced constant
Y) the speed of light in a vacuum
Z) the frequency of the photon
7) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
A photon has momentum p. If its frequency is doubled, its new momentum is W) p/4 X) p/2 Y) 2p Z) 4p
W)
X)
Y)
Z)
8) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which of the following functional group pairs corresponds to those constituting a hemiaminal?
W) Thiol [THY-ol] and nitrile [NY-tril]
X) Halogen and alkyl [AL-kuhl]
Y) Amine [uh-MEEN] and hydroxyl z) Azide and alkoxy [AL-kok-see]
8) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
Providing your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth, what is the reduced mass of an oscillator made up of a hydrogen and a fluorine atom?
ANSWER: 0.95 (ACCEPT: 0.96)9) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Short Answer
If the moon is in a crescent phase and appears in the eastern sky at sunrise, what phase will be next?
ANSWER: NEW MOON9) Bonus - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
Which of the following are the chemical reactants associated with the formation of Karst topography?
W) HCl and PbS
X) H2SO4 and SiO2
Y) H2O and MgSiO3
Z) H2COs and CaCOa
10) Toss Up - Earth Science - Short Answer
What was the name of Alfred Wegener's super continent?
ANSWER: PANGAEA10) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer
What is a hill of salt found in a rock layer called?
ANSWER: SALT DOME11) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
The portion of the sun normally visible to the naked eye is which of the following?
W) Corona
X) Chromosphere
Y) Core
Z) Photosphere
11) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not an active galaxy?
W) Seyfert galaxy
X) Quasar
Y) Starburst galaxy
Z) Radio-loud galaxy
12) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
Compounds of the same atomic content and molecular formula but with differing structures are called what?
ANSWER: isomers12) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
An atom is defined as the smallest part of an element that
W) contains at least one proton, neutron, and electron
X) retains the chemical identity of that element
Y) can carry an electric charge
Z) is affected in a cathode ray tube
13) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
The solid cores of Jupiter and Saturn are probably about the size of
W) a small moon
X) a large moon
Y) the Earth
Z) there are no solid cores
13) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
The observed differences in stellar spectra are caused primarily by differences in stellar
W) chemical composition
X) motion
Y) location
Z) temperature
14) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
As opposed to spontaneous emission, what is the type of emission, first theorized by Albert Einstein, where a photon interacts with an atom’s electron which, when it returns to a ground state, emits a coherent photon?
ANSWER: STIMULATED EMISSION (ACCEPT: STIMULATED)14) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Order the following 4 choices from the one with the LOWEST temperature to the one with the HIGHEST temperature: copper freezes; water boils; solar corona; lead melts
ANSWER: WATER BOILS; LEAD MELTS; COPPER FREEZES; SOLAR CORONA15) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
Prosimians and anthropoids are subgroups of what taxonomic order?
ANSWER: PRIMATES15) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
Sickle-cell anemia has been traced to what type of genetic mutation?
ANSWER: BASE PAIR SUBSTITUTION16) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
The dissociation of a molecular ion into daughter ions is known as what?
ANSWER: FRAGMENTATION16) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
Which scientist originally conducted oil drop experiment which established the charge on an electron?
ANSWER: MILLIKAN (ACCEPT ROBERT MILLIKAN)17) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
An aggregate fruit is best represented by:
W) tomatoes
X) raspberries
Y) plums
Z) pears
17) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What chemical do birds use for export of excess nitrogen?
ANSWER: uric acid18) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
The polarization of an electromagnetic wave is defined to be based upon the
W) electric field vector
X) magnetic field vector
Y) cross product of electric and magnetic field vectors
Z) direction of the wave propagation
18) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the name of the law that says that the tangent of the polarization angle is equal to the ratio of the index of refractions of the two materials?
ANSWER: BREWSTER’S LAW19) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
What 2 planets of our solar system are most alike in elemental makeup to the solar nebula?
ANSWER: JUPITER; SATURN19) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
Order the following 4 stars from the HOTTEST to the COOLEST: K-3; K-2; B-7; M-10
ANSWER: B-7; K-2; K-3; M-1020) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
What color of light is produced when equal intensities of cyan light and red light are combined?
ANSWER: WHITE (Solution: adding a primary color to the proper secondary color (called complementary colors) will give white light; complementary color pairs are one primary color and one secondary color, e.g. blue and yellow, red and cyan, or green and magenta.)20) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the resistance, in ohms, for an electric stove that draws 24 amps on a 240-volt circuit?
ANSWER: 10 (Solution: I = V/R; R = V/I; R = 240/24 = 10 ohms)21) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a second quadrant angle in standard position:
W) 500º
X) -180º
Y) -680º
Z) 930º
21) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Find the area, in square centimeters, of a rhombus with a diagonal of 6 centimeters and a side of 5 centimeters:
ANSWER: 2422) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules is an alkane?
W) C4H8
X) C3H8
Y) C2H2
Z) C2H5OH
22) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
Of the following five solutions, name all that are nonelectrolytic: 1) acetone; 2) glucose; 3) acetic acid; 4) nitric acid; 5) ammonia.
ANSWER: 1, 2 (ACCEPT: ACETONE, GLUCOSE)23) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
What is the name for the voltaic cells in which the reactants are continuously supplied to the cell and the products are continuously removed?
ANSWER: FUEL CELL (ACCEPT: HYDROGEN-OXYGEN FUEL CELL)23) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
A Lewis base is defined as any species that does which of the following in a chemical reaction:
W) donates a proton
X) accepts a proton
Y) donates a pair of electrons
Z) accepts a pair of electrons
24) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
What is the multiplicative identity of the complex numbers in standard a + bi form?
ANSWER: 1 + 0i (ACCEPT: 1)24) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Factor the following polynomial completely over the real numbers: `x^3 + 3x^2 - 5x - 15`.
ANSWER: `(x + 3)(x + sqrt5)(x - sqrt5)` (IN ANY ORDER)25) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Short Answer
What is the term for the amount of energy released from each square meter of an object's surface each second?
ANSWER: Energy flux25) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer
Give another name for the Pleiades.
ANSWER: M45 or The Seven Sisters or The False Dipper