1) Toss Up - Energy - Multiple Choice
Whose equation describes the relationship between the concentration of an electro-active species and electric potential?
W) Ohm
X) Joule
Y) Nernst
Z) Bode
1) Bonus - Energy - Short Answer
Arrange the following four substances in order of decreasing energy content in kilocalories per gram: 1) proteins, 2) organic acids, 3) fats, 4) ethanol.
ANSWER: 3, 4, 1, 2 (ACCEPT: FATS, ETHANOL, PROTEINS, ORGANIC ACIDS)2) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is most likely to be a restriction site?
W) AGGCCCGG
X) UUUAAUUU
Y) ATCGATCG
Z) AAAATTTT
2) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best describes the ecological principle of Red Queen dynamics?
W) Two species will both constantly evolve in response to each other in order to gain a competitive advantage.
X) Species that live in colonies have an evolutionary advantage over species that don’t.
Y) In honeybee colonies, the queen is redder than the other bees in order to make identification easier.
Z) In times of extreme stress, the queen bee will become a worker bee and not reproduce.
3) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Mirages, such as the silvery glimmer you sometimes see on a distant hot highway, are caused by heating of the air near the ground. What relevant property of the heated air is changed?
ANSWER: INDEX OF REFRACTION (ACCEPT: DENSITY OF THE AIR)3) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
A steadily increasing force is applied to a box that remains at rest for some period of time and then begins to accelerate. Which of the following appropriately describes what happens to the frictional force during the experiment?
W) The frictional force remains constant throughout the experiment
X) The frictional force increases throughout the experiment
Y) The frictional force increases and then suddenly drops to a lower, non-zero value
Z) The frictional force increases and then suddenly drops to zero
4) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Short Answer
What theory states that our solar system formed from the compression of a giant, swirling cloud of gas and dust?
ANSWER: NEBULAR4) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer
By name or number, order the following three events from earliest to latest as two air masses of different densities develop into a mid-latitude cyclone: 1) cyclonic circulation, 2) wave development, 3) front development.
ANSWER: FRONT DEVELOPMENT, WAVE DEVELOPMENT, CYCLONIC CIRCULATION (ACCEPT: 3, 2, 1)5) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
Given `g(x) = 5 +`5 + (x^2)/(sin(x^2))` [9 of x equals 5 plus the fraction with numerator x squared and denominator sine of the quantity x squared], find `lim_(x->0) g(x)` [the limit as x approaches zero of g of x].
ANSWER: 65) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice
What is `dy/dx` for `x^2 + y^2 = 2` at the point with coordinates (1, 1)?
W) -1
X) -1/2
Y) 0
Z) 3/2
6) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice
The ability to create a table in Microsoft Word and embed it into a section of a spreadsheet created in Excel, is an example of:
W) OpenGL
X) database indexing
Y) OLE
Z) Direct 3D
6) Bonus - Computer Science - Short Answer
What does the acronym OLE stand for?
ANSWER: OBJECT LINKING AND EMBEDDING7) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
In which of the following parts of a vascular plant cell is cellulose produced?
W) Plasma membrane
X) Rough ER
Y) Smooth ER
Z) Golgi apparatus
7) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
What enzyme is important to the body because of its ability to use oxidative phosphorylation to resupply ATP with energy.
W) GTP Oxygenlase
X) ubiquitin
Y) ATP Synthase
Z) ATP Ligase
8) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the most common term for an area of primitive cells in plants where active cell division occurs:
W) meristem
X) ground tissue
Y) primary cells
Z) germinal tissue
8) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What is the layer typically found between 2 plant cell walls of adjoining plant cells which is composed of pectin?
ANSWER: MIDDLE LAMELLA9) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks:
W) bedding
X) fossils
Y) foliation
Z) ripple marks
9) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Also known as mock suns or parhelia, what is the name for a pair of brightly colored spots, one on either side of the sun, that are caused by sunlight passing through a thin layer of ice crystals:
W) sun pillars
X) cloud iridescence
Y) sundogs
Z) silver lining
10) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
The sine of `\theta` (read as: theta) is positive if the angle terminates in what two Quadrants of the Cartesian coordinate system?
ANSWER: I AND II (ACCEPT: 1 AND 2)10) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
What is the slope of a line that passes through the points (5, 3) and (-1, 1)?
ANSWER: 1/311) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
What is the specific name for a common tangent that intersects the segment joining the centers of 2 circles?
ANSWER: INTERNAL COMMON TANGENT (ACCEPT: INTERNAL or INTERNAL TANGENT)11) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
A flagpole casts a 100-foot long shadow. If a 6-foot tall person standing at the base of the pole casts an 8-foot shadow, how many feet tall is the flagpole?
ANSWER: 75 (Solution: (100 x 6)/8 = 75 ft)12) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
If the area of a right triangle ABC is 6 and leg BC is one-third the length of leg AB, what is the length of AB?
ANSWER: 612) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
A merchant wants to mix 2 types of sugar that sell for $0.40 per gram and $0.60 per gram, respectively. If he wants a mixture of 5 grams that sells for $0.58 per gram, how many grams of each should he mix?
ANSWER: 0.5 Grams Of $0.40 Plus 4.5 Grams Of $0.6013) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
What is the ratio between the density of a substance and the density of water called?
ANSWER: SPECIFIC GRAVITY13) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is considered a Lewis acid?
W) CH3NH2
X) BCl3
Y) FZ) BF4-
14) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
BCS theory is one model of describing superconductivity, named after its three creators. Who were these three men?
ANSWER: BARDEEN, COOPER, SCHREIFFER14) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
According to BCS theory, Cooper pair formation relies mainly upon
W) electron degeneracy pressure
X) electron spin interaction
Y) crystal lattice vibration
Z) magnetic field forces
15) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
The element hydrogen was named by Lavoisier after being discovered by what famous scientist, also credited with being the first to calculate the gravitational constant?
W) Henry Cavendish
X) Hippolyte Fizeau
Y) Leon Foucault
Z) Isaac Newton
15) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
Orthohydrogen has a concentration that is about three times that of parahydrogen at room temperature. Which of the following is characteristic of orthohydrogen?
W) atomic hydrogen, where orthohydrogen has a parallel proton and electron spin
X) atomic hydrogen, where orthohydrogen has an antiparallel proton and electron spin
Y) molecular hydrogen, where orthohydrogen has two protons with parallel spin
Z) molecular hydrogen, where orthohydrogen has two protons with antiparallel spin
16) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the BEST description of our Sun:
W) a cool large star similar to Proxima Centauri
X) a small-sized star about 6 billion years old
Y) a mid-sized yellow dwarf star
Z) a large-sized red giant about 4.7 billion years old
16) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Which of the following constellations can be seen highest in the November sky of the northern hemisphere?
W) Orion
X) Cassiopeia
Y) Mensa
Z) Cancer
17) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
A merchant wants to mix 2 types of sugar that sell for $0.40 per gram and $0.60 per gram, respectively. If he wants a mixture of 5 grams that sells for $0.58 per gram, how many grams of each should he mix?
ANSWER: 0.5 Grams Of $0.40 Plus 4.5 Grams Of $0.6017) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Give the center and radius of the following equation of a circle: `x^2 + y^2 + 8x - 2y + 13 = 0`
ANSWER: Center = (-4, 1); radius = 218) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
Which of the following pairs of metamorphic rocks both result from the parent rock shale?
W) Slate and hornfels
X) Greenstone and phyllite
Y) Quartzite and amphibolite [am-FIB-uh-lyt] z) Marble and gneiss [NYS]
18) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer
Wolf-Rayet stars are young, massive stars with prodigious mass loss rates. What force drives their strong stellar winds?
ANSWER: RADIATION PRESSURE19) Toss Up - Earth Science - Short Answer
The process of converting sediment into sedimentary rock is termed
ANSWER: lithification19) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Waste gases from industrial plants form acids that hasten chemical weathering. Most of the gases are compounds of:
W) argon
X) hydrogen
Y) iron
Z) sulfur
20) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Standing far away from a concave mirror will produce what image?
W) Upright, smaller
X) Upright, larger
Y) Upside-down, smaller
Z) Upside-down, larger
20) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Which type of optical aberration results from the fact that the focal points of light rays from the principal axis of a spherical lens are different from the focal points of rays with the same wavelength passing near the axis?
ANSWER: SPHERICAL ABBERATION21) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
In photosystem one, when NADP+ forms NADPH with the catalytic help of NADP+ reductase, from what specific place in the chloroplast are the hydrogen ions derived?
ANSWER: STROMA21) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
The conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl Co-A occurs:
W) in the cytosol
X) in the ER
Y) in the mitochondrion
Z) in the lysosome
22) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which of the following elements does not participate in
strong hydrogen bonding:
W) oxygen
X) nitrogen
Y) fluorine
Z) carbon
22) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
If 1.0 gram of NaOH, with a molar mass of 40, is dissolved in enough water to give 250 milliliters of solution, what is the molarity of the solution?
ANSWER: 0.1 MOLAR (ACCEPT: 0.1 MOLES/LITER) (Solution: 1 g (1 mole / 40 g) = 0.025; 0.025 moles/.250 L = 0.1 M)23) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A capacitor with capacitance C is connected in series with a battery of voltage V and a resistor of resistance R. What are the SI units of the time constant?
W) Ohm meter / second
X) Second / meter
Y) Ohm farad / second
Z) Second
23) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
In fluid mechanics, what operator has the exact form of the time derivative but takes on a different name due to its application?
ANSWER: MATERIAL DERIVATIVE24) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Name all of the following 3 sub-atomic particles that interact with all 4 of the fundamental forces: electron; quarks; neutrino
ANSWER: QUARKS24) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Until the Large Hadron Collider came on-line at CERN, what accelerator was generally believed to be the only one energetic enough to produce top quarks?
ANSWER: TEVATRON (ACCEPT: FERMILAB ACCELERATOR)25) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
If in a 2-piston hydraulic device, a 100-newton force is applied to a piston with an area of 0.01 square meters, what will be the resulting force, in newtons, on a piston with an area of 0.5 square meters?
ANSWER: 500025) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the centripetal acceleration in meters per second squared of a point on a bicycle tire of radius 0.81 meters when the bike is moving at 9 meters per second?
ANSWER: 100