1) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following will most likely result from a single base deletion in DNA:
W) nonsense mutation
X) stop codon
Y) frame shift mutation
Z) inversion mutation
1) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
The first vertebrates appeared a little more than
W) 50 million years ago
X) 100 million years ago
Y) 500 million years ago
Z) 150 million years ago
2) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
What is the limit as x approaches 0 of xAx?
ANSWER: Does not exist. (NOT 1)2) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Let f(x) be a function with no real roots. If f(3) = 4, then in what quadrants can f(x) be in?
ANSWER: All four quadrants (b.c. there's no specification f has to be continuous)3) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a glacial feature that is NOT caused by the deposition of sediments:
W) kame
X) kettle
Y) drumlin
Z) bergshrund
3) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Analysis of which of the following isotopes is most commonly used because it gives the BEST indication of historical temperatures at different latitudes worldwide:
W) oxygen
X) carbon
Y) nitrogen
Z) potassium
4) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Light that reflects off a wall typically undergoes diffuse reflection, meaning it scatters in many directions. What type of reflection is shown by a mirror, where the light changes angle but does not spread apart?
ANSWER: SPECULAR REFLECTION4) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
A CD’s surface often shows a rainbowish pattern when viewed in light. This is because the CD’s bumpy surface acts like what common device used sometimes to view stellar spectrums?
ANSWER: DIFFRACTION GRATING5) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
According to standard chemical nomenclature and indicating the proper charge, what is the formula for potassium perchlorate?
ANSWER: Kclo4 CHEMISTRY Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT generally true of reaction equilibria: W) if the temperature of an exothermic reaction is raised, the equilibrium shifts to the left X) the equilibrium constants for forward and reverse reactions are the reciprocals of each other Y) pure liquids appear in the equilibrium expression but pure solids do not Z) an equilibrium constant greater than 1 means that the reaction favors products at equilibrium ANSWER: Y) pure liquids appear in the equilibrium expression but pure solids do not5) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
Give all 3 angles, in degrees, that are present in phosphorous pentafluoride:
ANSWER: 90; 120; 1806) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
If the exterior angle of a base angle of an isosceles [eye-SOS-uh-lees] triangle measures 141°, what is the measure of the vertex angle?
ANSWER: 102°6) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
If `f(x) = -2x - e^x` [f of x equals negative 2x minus e to the x], what is the range of `f'` [the derivative of f]?
ANSWER: `(-oo, -2)` (ACCEPT: x < -2 or THE OPEN INTERVAL FROM NEGATIVE INFINITY TO -2)7) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
A planet in retrograde motion
W) rises in the west and sets in the east
X) shifts westward with respect to the stars
Y) shifts eastward with respect to the stars
Z) will be at the north celestial pole
7) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Scientists think the Earth's core is composed mainly of
W) silicate rocks
X) uranium
Y) lead
Z) iron
8) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
The distinct zones of the ocean depend upon
W) distance from shore and temperature.
X) distance from shore and depth.
Y) temperature and types of organisms.
Z) types of organisms and distance from shore.
8) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
The region of the ocean in which photosynthesis occurs is the
W) deep-sea zone.
X) zooplankton zone.
Y) nutrient zone.
Z) photic zone.
9) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
Nuclear fusion is an important stellar process that is initiated when hydrogen plasma reaches a critical temperature on the order of magnitude of approximately how many kelvin?
W) 107
X) 108
Y) 109
Z) 1010
9) Bonus - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
Most stars, upon consuming their hydrogen fuel, undergo rapid expansion during an aptly named "helium flash," when the triple-alpha process of helium fusion initiates after the star’s contraction heats the core to a critical temperature on the order of magnitude of approximately how many kelvin?
W) 107
X) 108
Y) 109
Z) 1010
10) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Which of the following sets of particles can be the result of a muon's decay?
W) quark, anti-quark, and electron
X) quark, anti-quark, and muon antineutrino
Y) tau, tau antineutrino, muon neutrino
Z) electron, electron antineutrino, muon neutrino
10) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Heisenburg's Uncertainty Principle can be restated so that rather than referring to position and momentum, it refers instead to time and what other quantity?
ANSWER: ENERGY11) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
What is the name of the inner surface of the myocardium that is lined with a layer of endothelial cells?
ANSWER: endocardium11) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
In most species of Paramecium there are how many contractile vacuoles? Is it:
W) one
X) two
Y) three
Z) four
12) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
Bacterial transduction is primarily caused by the transference of what specific biological substance?
ANSWER: DNA12) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
Name all of the following 4 organisms that are human ectoparasites: Plasmodium ovale; Ascaris; Trichinella spiralis (read as: Trick-ih-nel-la spear-rah-liss); Ixodes (read as: icks-OH-dees)
ANSWER: IXODES13) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
A total solar eclipse is likely when
W) Full moon occurs at descending node.
X) New moon occurs at ascending node.
Y) New moon occurs at apogee.
Z) New moon occurs at perigee.
13) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
The Zodiacal Light is due to
W) scattering of Sunlight from interplanetary dust particles.
X) refraction of Sunlight by the Earth’s Atmosphere.
Y) scattering of Sunlight by ice crystals in the stratosphere.
Z) multiple reflection of Sunlight between the Moon and the Earth.
14) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
Name a real number that does not have a multiplicative inverse.
ANSWER: 014) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Given the function `y = 4x - x^2`, what are the two values of x for which the corresponding value for y is 0?
ANSWER: 0 AND 415) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
When sound waves travelling through the air reach the human ear, the cochlea (read as: KOE-klee-ah) converts the sound wave into:
W) A chemical response transmitted through the blood stream
X) An electrical impulse sent to the brain
Y) A lower frequency wave, which resonates within the ear
Z) Many small wave vectors that are separately communicated to the brain
15) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
How does neural transmission across a synaptic gap occur?
W) Neural impulses cause the release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across the gap
X) Neural impulses open potassium-gated channels, allowing sodium to move across the gap
Y) Neural impulses travel across the gap as unidirectional electrical currents
Z) Neural impulses travel across the gap as multidirectional electrical currents
16) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
In a polar bond, electrons are
W) shared unequally
X) shared equally
Y) completely transferred
Z) not shared at
16) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
What is the common name given to a mixture of three parts ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and one part concentrated nitric acid?
ANSWER: aqua regia17) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
List which, if any, of the following are ferromagnetic at STP: aluminum, cobalt, silver, chromium, gadolinium.
ANSWER: COBALT AND GADOLINIUM17) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the name of the state in a ferromagnetic material at which all domains are oriented in the same way, such that no greater magnetization can occur?
ANSWER: SATURATION POINT18) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Providing your answer in scientific notation with one significant digit, what is the value of 1 erg in joules?
ANSWER: 1 X 10-718) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
A light wave travels a distance of 3 x 10-7 meters in a medium of refractive index n ~ 1.5. How much time does this trip take?
W) 1.5 x 10-6 nanoseconds
X) 4.5 x 10-6 nanoseconds
Y) 1.5 x 10-6 seconds z) 4.5 x 10-6 seconds
19) Toss Up - Energy - Multiple Choice
Electricity is called a secondary energy source because
W) it's our no 2 source of energy
X) it's not as important as oil and gas
Y) we get it from converting other energy sources
Z) all of the above
19) Bonus - Energy - Multiple Choice
In a typical power plant used to generate electricity in the U.S., the percentage of energy in the fuel that is converted to electricity is about:
W) 99 percent
X) 50 percent
Y) 35 percent
Z) 10 percent
20) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
The mineral halite is:
W) potassium chloride
X) sodium chloride
Y) calcium chloride
Z) calcium bromide
20) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following are intrusive masses of igneous rock that extend downward to unknown depths and do not show signs of a definite floor:
W) laccolith
X) batholith
Y) sill
Z) volcanic neck
21) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Endospores are produced by
W) gram-positive bacteria
X) beta hemolytic streptococci
Y) fungi
Z) viruses
21) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
A bony flap covering the gills of fish is called the
ANSWER: OPERCULUM22) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is closest to 30 knots expressed in miles per hour?
W) 25
X) 35
Y) 45
Z) 55
22) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Name a real number that does not have a multiplicative inverse.
ANSWER: 023) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the correct botanical term for the stem
of a flower:
W) peduncle (Pron: pea-dunkle)
X) stolon (Pron: stow-lon)
Y) rhizome (Pron: RI-zome)
Z) tuber
23) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
The Gram stain delineates the differences between bacteria by differentially staining what part of the bacteria?
ANSWER: CELL WALL24) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Cyclic photophosphorylation (read as: FOE-toe-fohs-fohr-i-LAY-shon) functions mainly for which of the following purposes?
W) Generating NADPH
X) Generating PGAL
Y) Recycling electrons resulting from the absorption of light in Photosystem I
Z) Regenerating RuBP
24) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following compounds acts as an activator protein for the lactose operon in Escherichia (read as: ehsh-eh-RIK-ee-ah) coli?
W) AP-1
X) AP-2y
Y) CAP
Z) SAP
25) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Providing your answer to the nearest degree, what is absolute zero in degrees Celsius?
ANSWER: -273 DEGREES CELSIUS (ACCEPT: 273 DEGREES CELSIUS BELOW ZERO)25) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
When air in a closed system is heated, what does it do?
ANSWER: EXPANDS (ACCEPT: RISES)