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1) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following would offer the most protection against power-failure data loss:
W) UPS
X) surge protector
Y) data backup
Z) line conditioner

ANSWER: W) UPS
1) Bonus - Computer Science - Short Answer

What is the name for the measure of memory or storage capacity that is equal to 2 to the 40th power bytes or, in decimal, approximately a thousand gigabytes?

ANSWER: TERABYTE
2) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

In a light-water reactor, the coolant is ordinary water.
What is the moderator?

ANSWER: WATER or THE SAME WATER
2) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

The function of lubricants is to change
W) fluid friction to sliding friction.
X) fluid friction to rolling friction.
Y) sliding friction to fluid friction.
Z) sliding friction to rolling friction.

ANSWER: Y-- SLIDING FRICTION TO FLUID FRICTION
3) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Robert Boyle measured the volume of air at many pressures. After many trials he observed that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This statement is
W) a datum
X) a hypothesis
Y) a law
Z) a theory

ANSWER: Y) A LAW
3) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

A bond that is formed by end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals is a
W) sigma bond
X) pi bond
Y) ionic bond
Z) resonance bond

ANSWER: W) SIGMA BOND
4) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

What characteristic has made angiosperms so successful during the last 140 million years?
W) They are very tall, outcompeting other plants for sunlight
X) They have flowers to attract pollinators
Y) They are thorny to deter herbivores from consuming them
Z) They are the only plants that can reproduce asexually

ANSWER: X) THEY HAVE FLOWERS TO ATTRACT POLLINATORS
4) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

Fruits primarily function in order to entice animals to eat them. In what way does this benefit the fruiting plant?
W) Animals disperse the seeds
X) Animals pollinate while eating the fruits
Y) Animals eat the fruit instead of other parts of the plant
Z) There is no benefit to the plant

ANSWER: W) ANIMALS DISPERSE THE SEEDS
5) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer

Which 2 of the following 4 factors most directly determine the apparent visual magnitude of a star: distance from Earth; intrinsic brightness; color; age

ANSWER: Distance From Earth; Intrinsic Brightness
5) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer

What basic force of the universe is most responsible for holding the planets of our solar system in their orbits?

ANSWER: Gravity
6) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the pH of a solution with a pOH of 6.8 at 25°C?

ANSWER: 7.2
6) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following substances is water soluble:
W) ethanol
X) dichloro-methane
Y) chloroform
Z) benzene

ANSWER: W) ETHANOL
7) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Myelin sheaths are found:
W) surrounding tendons
X) covering the brain
Y) covering muscles
Z) around axons of neurons

ANSWER: Z) around axons of neurons
7) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

What is the carbohydrate which forms the wall of plant cells?

ANSWER: cellulose
8) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

Refracting telescopes always contain which of the following:
W) mirrors
X) lenses
Y) television systems
Z) film

ANSWER: X) lenses
8) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer

What terrestrial planet has the longest sidereal period?

ANSWER: Mars
9) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The most direct and accurate means for determining atomic and molecular weights is by:
W) mass spectrometry
X) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
Y) atomic absorption spectrometry
Z) atomic force microscopy

ANSWER: W) MASS SPECTROMETRY
9) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

The process that improves the quality of rubber by crosslinking polymer chains is called:

ANSWER: VULCANIZATION
10) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

If `8x^3 - 4y = -16x`, express y as a function of x in simplest form.

ANSWER: `y = 2x^3 + 4x`
10) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice

Solve the quadratic equation `3x^2 + 2x - 8 = 0`.
W) X = 2 or - 4
X) X = 8 or -12
Y) X = -2 or 4/3
Z) X = 8 or - 4/3

ANSWER: Y) x = -2 OR 4/3
11) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

By what factor will the gravitational attraction between two masses be multiplied, if the distance between their centers of mass remains the same, but the mass of one doubles?

ANSWER: 2 TIMES (ACCEPT: 2 or DOUBLES)
11) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following occurs when a glass tube is rubbed with a silk cloth:
W) protons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube
X) protons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk
Y) electrons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube
Z) electrons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk

ANSWER: Z) ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM THE GLASS TUBE TO THE SILK
12) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

What is gauge pressure?
W) Another term for atmospheric pressure
X) the ratio of atmospheric pressure to absolute pressure
Y) the excess pressure above atmospheric pressure
Z) the pressure of a gas at high altitude

ANSWER: Y) THE EXCESS PRESSURE ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
12) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

What is the simplest pressure measuring device where the pressure is proportional to the difference in height of the two columns of liquid?
W) open tube manometer
X) mercury baramometer
Y) spygmemanometer
Z) Bourden pressure device

ANSWER: W) OPEN TUBE MANOMETER
13) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true regarding quantum mechanics?
W) Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics are mutually exclusive
X) Fermionic degeneracy is a physical manifestation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
Y) Quantum spin magnitude is a variable consisting of a finite distribution of half-integer multiples.
Z) The Pauli exclusion principle is the fundamental basis of physical and analytical chemistry

ANSWER: Y) Quantum spin magnitude is a variable consisting of a finite distribution of half-integer multiples.
13) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

In quantum mechanics, the Pauli matrices refer to a set of three complex matrices that are both Hermitian and unitary- that is, the matrix is both its own conjugate transpose and inverse. Give a matrix that is both Hermitian and unitary.

ANSWER: `[[0,1],[1,0]]` or `[[0,i],[-i,0]]` or `[[1,0],[0,-1]]` (also accept others)
14) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

In plants, the xylem does which of the following:
W) moves water and minerals to roots
X) moves sugar to leaves and stems
Y) moves water and minerals to leaves and stems
Z) moves sugar to roots

ANSWER: Y) MOVES WATER AND MINERALS TO LEAVES AND STEMS
14) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

The principal features of an EKG recording are named after the letters P,Q,R,S, and T. The peak labeled by the letter “R” represents what heart action:
W) atrial depolarization
X) ventricular depolarization
Y) atrial repolarization
Z) ventricular repolarization

ANSWER: X) VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION
15) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

The anthropoid branch that contains the Old World monkeys does not include
W) humans
X) lemurs
Y) great apes
Z) baboons

ANSWER: X) lemurs
15) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

The first fishes were covered with
W) bony plates and had jaws
X) bony plates and were jawless
Y) scales and had jaws
Z) scales and were jawless

ANSWER: X) bony plates and were jawless
16) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Compared to the pure solvent, the boiling point of a solution is
W) increased because of the lowered vapor pressure of the solution.
X) increased because the solution has a higher osmotic pressure.
Y) decreased because the solute boils at a higher temperature than the solvent.
Z) decreased because the dissolved solute raises the vapor pressure of the solution over that of the solvent.

ANSWER: W-- INCREASED BECAUSE OF THE LOWERED VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE SOLUTION
16) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not an important factor influencing solubility?
W) Chemical nature of solute
X) Temperature
Y) Chemical nature of solvent
Z) Volume of solvent

ANSWER: Z-- VOLUME OF SOLVENT
17) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

Find the derivative of the following equation: `f(x) = 5x^2 + 3x + 2` (read as: f of x equals 5x squared + 3x + 2)

ANSWER: 10x + 3
17) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

Find the following number: When the number, one-half of the number, and three-quarters of the number are added, and then 8 is subtracted, the result is 2 less than twice the number:

ANSWER: 24 (Solution: n + 1/2n + 3/4n - 8 = 2n -2)
18) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the name for the most malleable and ductile metal which can be dissolved in aqua regia but is unaffected by air and most other reagents?

ANSWER: GOLD
18) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the molecular formula for the conjugate acid of the following 2_ Bronsted-Lowry base: SO4

ANSWER: HSO4-
19) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

If you need to measure 100 milliliters in an Erlenmeyer flask that has a stated volume of 100 ml but has no calibration lines, typically the stated volume will approximately fill to:
W) the top rim of the flask
X) where the neck attaches to the flask
Y) 1 centimeter below the where the neck attaches to the flask
Z) there is no safe way to approximate 100 ml in such a flask

ANSWER: X) WHERE THE NECK ATTACHES TO THE FLASK
19) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer

The ratio of total leaf surface area to the total ground surface area covered by the leaves is know as what?

ANSWER: LEAF AREA INDEX (ACCEPT: LAI)
20) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

When an electromagnetic wave reflects off of a medium with a lower index of refraction, its phase changes by
W) 0°
X) 90°
Y) 180°
Z) 270°

ANSWER: W) 0°
20) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

An electromagnetic wave hits a medium at an angle of 45° from the normal. Some of it is reflected and some is refracted. The reflected rays will be polarized
W) perpendicular to the plane of incidence
X) parallel to the plane of incidence
Y) parallel to the direction of the ray before the reflection
Z) parallel to the direction of the ray after the reflection

ANSWER: X) PARALLEL TO THE PLANE OF INCIDENCE
21) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Heat engines
W) produce heat.
X) convert mechanical energy to heat energy.
Y) convert heat energy to mechanical energy.
Z) change steam to water.

ANSWER: Y-- CONVERT HEAT ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY
21) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

Heat engines are classified according to where the
W) compression takes place.
X) combustion takes place.
Y) exhaust takes place.
Z) intake takes place.

ANSWER: X-- COMBUSTION TAKES PLACE
22) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

A pendulum that swings with simple harmonic motion but cannot reasonably be treated as a point mass is given what name?

ANSWER: PHYSICAL PENDULUM
22) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

A physical pendulum has a moment of inertia about its pivot of 5 kg * m^2, mass 5 kg, and a pivot located 0.1 meters from its center of mass. What is its period of oscillation, taking the gravitational acceleration to be 10 meters per second squared? W) 1 / (20 * pi) seconds X) 20 * pi seconds Y) 1 / (2 * pi) seconds Z) 2 * pi seconds

ANSWER: Z) 2 * PI SECONDS
23) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

What is the space between the A ring and B ring of Saturn?
W) Cassini division
X) Encke gap
Y) Maria division
Z) Orion fissure

ANSWER: W) Cassini division
23) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer

What are the two layers that make up the atmosphere of the Sun?

ANSWER: Chromosphere, Corona
24) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

One evolutionary trend is that more complex animals have a concentration of
W) blood vessels in the tail.
X) nerve cells in the head.
Y) muscle cells in the tentacles.
Z) bone cells in the body wall.

ANSWER: X-- NERVE CELLS IN THE HEAD
24) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

Mollusks that are carnivores drill through the shells of other animals by means of
W) radulas.
X) gills.
Y) shells.
Z) mantles.

ANSWER: W-- RADULAS
25) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

Indicate which type of decay (alpha, beta, gamma) each of the following emit as there only means of decay? Sr-90,Co-57, Th-204, and Po-210 respectively?

ANSWER: BETA, GAMMA, BETA, AND ALPHA
25) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

If two sounds have the same pitch but different loudness, the louder sound has?
W) higher amplitude
X) lower amplitude
Y) higher frequency
Z) lower frequency

ANSWER: W) HIGHER AMPLITUDE