1) Toss Up - Earth Science - Short Answer
A circular cavity ground out of bedrock by running water is known as what?
ANSWER: Pothole1) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer
A trough-like downfold of strata is called what?
ANSWER: Syncline2) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
A racemic mixture is a solution that contains:
W) a 50:50 mixture of (+) and (-) isomers
X) greater than 50% of the (+) isomers
Y) greater than 50% of the (-) isomers
Z) only one species of isomer
2) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Separation of proteins by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient is based on:
W) size and shape only
X) size only
Y) density only
Z) size, shape, and density
3) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Myelin sheaths are found:
W) surrounding tendons
X) covering the brain
Y) covering muscles
Z) around axons of neurons
3) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What is the carbohydrate which forms the wall of plant cells?
ANSWER: cellulose4) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Foliated rocks are distinguished by
W) flaking.
X) banding.
Y) weathering.
Z) cementation.
4) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer
Which geologist believed that “the past history of the globe must be explained by what can be seen happening now?”
ANSWER: HUTTON5) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
What is the proper name of the star that is most commonly noted to have coordinates closest to the north celestial pole?
ANSWER: NORTH STAR (ACCEPT: POLARIS or ALPHA URSA MINORIS)5) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
What is the most well-known asterism in Ursa Major?
ANSWER: BIG DIPPER6) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups generally have boiling temperatures below that of
W) alcohols
X) hydrocarbons
Y) both alcohols and hydrocarbons
Z) neither alcohols nor hydrocarbons
6) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
When considering electron orbitals, which orbital is generallyconsidered spherical?
ANSWER: s orbital7) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
For a projectile moving through air at Mach 2, what is the angle in degrees between the direction of the projectile's motion and the surface of the cone-shaped wave it generates?
ANSWER: 150 DEGREES7) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
You and a friend pull on opposite ends of an ideal Hookean spring. Each of you pulls with a force of magnitude 50 Newtons, and the spring has a spring constant of 50 Newtons per meter. If the spring is in equilibrium, how much elastic potential energy is stored in it?
W) 25 Joules
X) 50 Joules
Y) 100 Joules
Z) 200 Joules
8) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Name the 4 strokes of an Otto cycle internal combustion engine:
ANSWER: INTAKE, COMPRESSION, POWER (ACCEPT COMBUSTION), EXHAUST8) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
How many revolutions are there per power stroke in a 2-stroke engine?
ANSWER: ONE9) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
What is the motion called when a planet seems to be moving westward in the sky?
W) Retrograde
X) Parallax
Y) Opcentric
Z) Reverse parallax
9) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
The reflection of sunlight is very dependent upon the reflection from a celestial body’s surface and cloud cover. This measurement is called
W) albedo.
X) vertigo.
Y) earthlight.
Z) sunlight.
10) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
In the mouth, starches in a cracker are broken down into sugars
by the enzyme salivary
W) trypsin.
X) amylase.
Y) lipase.
Z) lactose.
10) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
After several hours, the partially digested food in the stomach
W) prevents peristalsis.
X) closes the pyloric valve.
Y) becomes a bolus.
Z) becomes chyme.
11) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
What basic force of the universe is most responsible for holding the planets of our solar system in their orbits?
ANSWER: GRAVITY11) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
What are the proper names of the 5 celestial bodies called wanderers by Greek astronomers because they had unusual paths in the sky throughout the year?
ANSWER: MERCURY; VENUS; MARS; JUPITER; SATURN (in any order)12) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
What is the maximum number of spheres with a radius of 1 that can fit inside a cube with edge lengths of 6?
ANSWER: 2712) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Find all points of inflection and extrema, including type, of the function `f(x) = (e^x + e^-x)/2`
ANSWER: RELATIVE MINIMUM (ACCEPT: MINIMUM) AT (0, 1) [DO NOT ACCEPT: (0, 1) ALONE]13) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
A population has a mean of 73 and a standard deviation of 8. If the distribution is standardized to create a new distribution with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20, what is the new value of a score of 65 from the original distribution?
ANSWER: 8013) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
What are, respectively, the amplitude, period, horizontal shift, and vertical shift of `y = -5 + 7cos [pi/6 (x + pi/12)]` (read as: y equals negative 5 plus 7 cosine of open bracket pi over 6 open parenthesis x plus pi over 12 close parenthesis close bracket)?
ANSWER: AMPLITUDE = 7, PERIOD = 12, HORIZONTAL SHIFT = - n/12 (ACCEPT: n/12 LEFT), VERTICAL SHIFT = -5 (ACCEPT: 5 DOWN)14) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
In general, the probability of flooding decreases when there is an increase in the amount of which of the following?
W) Precipitation
X) Infiltration
Y) Runoff
Z) Snow melt
14) Bonus - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the age of the most abundant surface bedrock in the Finger Lakes region of New York State?
W) Cambrian
X) Devonian
Y) Pennsylvanian
Z) Permian
15) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice
Which of the following compounds is NOT a common cement in sedimentary rocks?
W) SiO2
X) Fe2O3
Y) Mg2SiO3
Z) CaCO3
15) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer
The Ghyben-Herzberg relation characterizes the relationship between the depth of freshwater occurring above and below sea level in the presence of a saltwater intrusion. What physical property determines this relationship?
ANSWER: DENSITY16) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which metal acts at the anode in mercury batteries that are commonly found in cameras and watches:
W) mercury
X) mercury (II) oxide
Y) zinc
Z) lithium
16) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
In the periodic table, what are elements 58 through 71 classified as?
ANSWER: LANTHANIDES (ACCEPT: LANTHANIDE SERIES OR INNER TRANSITION METALS OR RARE EARTH ELEMENTS)17) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
What shape does an ammonia molecule have?
ANSWER: PYRAMIDAL17) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
What is the approximate bond angle in a molecule of ammonia?
W) 107 degrees
X) 109.5 degrees
Y) 120 degrees
Z) 180 degrees
18) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice
The famous hominid skeleton called Lucy has been dated to be how many years old:
W) 100 thousand years
X) 500 thousand years
Y) 1.6 million years
Z) 3.2 million years
18) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate:
W) a U.S. barrel of crude oil is 42 gallons
X) one barrel of U.S. crude oil typically yields about 20 gallons of motor gasoline
Y) the distillation step in crude oil refinement typically eliminates nearly all the sulfur
Z) a U.S. barrel of crude oil can yield more than 44 gallons of petroleum products
19) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
What is the SI unit for magnetic flux density?
W) Weber
X) Henry
Y) Tesla
Z) Sterling
19) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
is the tangential velocity of an object that moves in a circle of circumference 40 Pi and has a centripetal acceleration of 80 m/sec2
ANSWER: 40 MSEC20) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
For an RLC circuit, what type of diagram is used to graphically depict the inductive reactance, capacitive reactance, and resistance?
ANSWER: PHASOR DIAGRAM20) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
An RLC circuit contains a resistor of 200 ohms, an inductor of 4 millihenries, and a 10 microfarad capacitor . The circuit is driven by an alternating current with angular frequency 5000 Hz. Which of the following is true?
W) current leads voltage by 30°
X) current is in phase with voltage
Y) current lags voltage by 30°
Z) current lags voltage by 90°
21) Toss Up - Earth And Space - MULTIPLE CHOICE
Identify the quality of crystals that classify them as euhedral or anhedral
W) Face Structure
X) Chemical Composition
Y) Cleavage
Z) Melting Temperature
21) Bonus - Earth And Space - SHORT ANSWER
Name the metal that, due to its low melting point, was the first metal in history to be purified from its ore.
ANSWER: Lead22) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Originally, the term reduction meant
W) removal of electrons
X) addition of electrons
Y) reaction with oxygen
Z) removal of oxygen
22) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
The percent yield of products from a chemical reaction is the ratio of
W) expected yield to actual yield
X) actual yield to expected yield
Y) actual yield to minimum yield
Z) expected yield to minimum yield
23) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
The area of thermodynamics concerned with the measuring the amount of heat is called what?
ANSWER: CALORIMETRY23) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
In a second-class lever, the
W) fulcrum is between the effort force and resistance force.
X) effort force is between the resistance force and fulcrum.
Y) resistance force is between the effort force and fulcrum.
Z) none of these
24) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Malaria is caused by a
W) mosquito
X) virus
Y) flea
Z) protozoan
24) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a component of the human axial skeleton?
W) sternum
X) vertebral column
Y) tarsals
Z) skull
25) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
What is the name of the field of study in subjects such as physics, economics, and philosophy that studies the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions?
ANSWER: CHAOS THEORY25) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
In chaos theory, what is the name of the concept that states that small differences in the initial condition of a dynamical system may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system?
ANSWER: BUTTERFLY EFFECT