1) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following refers to the fact that when we have experienced a conditioned stimulus by itself many times, it can be difficult to later condition to another stimulus?
W) Blocking
X) Dormant Inhibition
Y) Extinction
Z) Latent Inhibition
1) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What is the corepressor molecule in the trp operon?
ANSWER: tryptophan2) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
All of the following processes release carbon dioxide EXCEPT:
W) the Kreb's cycle
X) alcohol fermentation
Y) oxidative phosphorylation
Z) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
2) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
All of the following processes produce ATP EXCEPT:
W) glycolysis
X) the Kreb's cycle
Y) lactic acid fermentation
Z) oxidative phosphorylation of NADH
3) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
In titration, which of the following is most commonly used as an acid-base indicator in the pH 8 to pH 10 range?
W) Phenolphthalein [fee-knoll-THAY-lean]
X) Cresol red
Y) Bromthymol blue
Z) Methyl orange
3) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
To what total volume in milliliters would 100 milliliters of an 80% ethanol solution by volume need to be diluted to obtain a 20% solution by volume?
ANSWER: 4004) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Maria on the moon are:
W) darker and smoother parts of the moon’s surface
X) mountains of the moon
Y) irregular craters
Z) highland areas which show up as irregular contours
4) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
Based on “best altitude conditions”, during what month in the northern hemisphere is it the best time to observe the full moon?
ANSWER: DECEMBER (Solution: Norton Star Atlas pg. 96)5) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
The density of a neutron star is:
W) about the same as that of a white dwarf
X) about the same as that of the sun
Y) about the same as an atomic nucleus
Z) about the same as a water molecule
5) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
Hot star-like objects with too little mass to initiate hydrogen fusion are most commonly known as:
ANSWER: BROWN DWARFS6) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
What is the term for programmed cell death?
ANSWER: Apoptosis6) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
A cat runs into the kitchen in response to the sound of a can opener. This is an example of which of the following?
W) Operant Conditioning
X) Imprinting
Y) Habituation
Z) Associative Learning
7) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
One evolutionary trend is that more complex animals have a
concentration of
W) blood vessels in the tail.
X) nerve cells in the head.
Y) muscle cells in the tentacles.
Z) bone cells in the body wall.
7) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
Mollusks that are carnivores drill through the shells of other
animals by means of
W) radulas.
X) gills.
Y) shells.
Z) mantles.
8) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Norton’s Theorem states that any complicated circuit of resistors and voltages may be rearranged into
W) an equivalent resistance in series with an equivalent voltage.
X) an equivalent resistance in parallel with an equivalent voltage.
Y) an equivalent resistance in series with an equivalent current source.
Z) an equivalent resistance in parallel with an equivalent current source.
8) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
The Thevenin Equivalent voltage of a circuit is 18V and the Thevenin Equivalent resistance is 3 Ohms. The maximum power output over the load in such a circuit is
W) 15 W
X) 21 W
Y) 27 W
Z) 33 W
9) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
A contour map of the hydraulic head in a confined aquifer is called the
W) water table.
X) potentiometric surface.
Y) terrain.
Z) slope.
9) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which is not an example of a concordant rock mass?
W) Lopolith
X) Sill
Y) Laccolith
Z) Dike
10) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A diesel engine
W) is an external-combustion engine.
X) has spark plugs.
Y) burns fuel outside the engine.
Z) is a compression-ignition engine.
10) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
When the fuel burns in a gasoline engine, the heat added to the gases
in the cylinder
W) decreases the energy of the exhaust.
X) is converted to work.
Y) is unrelated to work.
Z) is unrelated to work and decreases the energy of the exhaust.
11) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Name the Greek scientist who made a rough calculation of the
Earth’s circumference about 240 B.C.
W) Thales
X) Aristotle
Y) Eratosthenes (pron: er-et-tas-the-nees)
Z) Archimedes
11) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
The I-A-U is responsible for assigning names to objects in space.
What does IAU stand for?
12) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice
One kilogram is nearly equivalent to how many pounds:
W) 454
X) 4.54
Y) 220
Z) 2.2
12) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following reagents would be labeled as highly flammable because of its low flash point:
W) glycerol
X) methanol
Y) carbon tetrachloride
Z) sulfuric acid
13) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
Which of the Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter is the most geologically active object in the entire solar system, commonly referred to as the "pizza moon," and has the longest diameter of 3,630 kilometers?
ANSWER: Io13) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Crux, Ara, Reticulum, and Tucana are all best known as:
W) craters on the moon
X) canals on mars
Y) constellations
Z) maria on the moon
14) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
The smallest positive integer that is not a prime number is
ANSWER: 114) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice
The area bounded by sin x and x-axis over `[0,2pi]` is (read as: the closed interval zero comma two pie)
W) 1
X) 2
Y) 4
Z) `2pi`
15) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Short Answer
The Kappa Cygnids and the Northern Delta Aquarids are names for what phenomena?
ANSWER: Meteor Showers15) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer
What substance is responsible for Neptune's blue-green color?
ANSWER: Methane gas (accept methane)16) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
The index of refraction for a medium is:
W) the ratio of the angles of refraction of red light and blue light in the medium
X) the angle of refraction for monochromatic light in the medium
Y) the ratio of the speed of light in the medium to the speed of light in a vacuum
Z) the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium
16) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
If light of a single wavelength of 600 nanometers moves from air into a medium with a refractive index of 1.25, what is the wavelength, in nanometers, of the light as it travels in the denser medium?
ANSWER: 480 (Solution Xn = X/n 600 nm/1.25 = 480)17) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Name all of the following 3 sub-atomic particles that interact with all 4 of the fundamental forces: electron; quarks; neutrino
ANSWER: QUARKS17) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Until the Large Hadron Collider came on-line at CERN, what accelerator was generally believed to be the only one energetic enough to produce top quarks?
ANSWER: TEVATRON (ACCEPT: FERMILAB ACCELERATOR)18) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Heat is
W) measured in degrees
X) a form of energy
Y) temperature
Z) equivalent to force
18) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
The path of a charged particle moving parallel to a uniform magnetic field will be
W) straight line
X) circle
Y) ellipse
Z) parabola
19) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Ethylene [ETH-uh-leen] has which of the following?
W) 2 pi bonds
X) 2 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond
Y) 3 sigma bonds
Z) 5 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond
19) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
What is the electron-pair geometry for lCl4- [eye C L 4 minus]?
ANSWER: OCTAHEDRAL20) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis:
W) spindle apparatus attaches to kinetochores
X) nuclear membrane is not visible
Y) crossing over
Z) chromosomes line up at central area of cell
20) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
What is the anatomical term for the specific section of the small intestine into which the pancreatic duct delivers its digestive enzymes?
ANSWER: DUODENUM21) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A 2 meter by 2 meter raft sinks 10 centimeters into the water. Which of the following approximates its weight in newtons?
W) 5000
X) 3900
Y) 2500
Z) 1600
21) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Suppose a bat emits sound waves at a frequency of 83 kilohertz while flying with a velocity of 9.0 meters per second as it chases a moth that flies with a velocity of 8.0 meters per second. Given the speed of sound as 343 meters per second, to the nearest integer, what frequency in kilohertz does the moth detect?
ANSWER: 8322) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A material has coefficient of linear thermal expansion equal to alpha. The material’s coefficient of volume expansion is approximately equal to
W) alpha
X) 2 * alpha
Y) 3 * alpha
Z) 4 * alpha
22) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
At a pressure of 1 atmosphere, at what temperature in degrees Celsius is liquid water most dense?
ANSWER: 4° C23) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
The A horizon in a soil profile has more of which of the
following than the other horizons?
W) humus
X) sediments
Y) minerals
Z) all of the above
23) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
The minerals found in the B and C horizons were dissolved and
carried down to those soil layers by a process called
W) oxidation.
X) leaching.
Y) weathering.
Z) precipitation.
24) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
What are the two types of elementary fermions?
ANSWER: QUARKS AND LEPTONS24) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What are the two second-generation leptons (not including antiparticles)?
ANSWER: MUONS AND MUON NEUTRINOS25) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
What is the general solution to the differential equation: `dy/dx = 2x + 1` [dy dx equals 2x plus 1]?
W) `y = x^2 + x + c`
X) `y = 1/2 x^2 + c`
Y) `y = 2 + c`
Z) `y = 2x + c`
25) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Simplify: `x^(1/2) (x^(1/2) + x^(1/2))` [x to the power of one half times open parenthesis x to the power of one half plus x to the power of one half close parenthesis].
ANSWER: `2x`