1) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
Convert to both radians and degrees the angle that equals one-half of `3\pi/4` radians:
ANSWER: `(3\pi)/8` AND 67.5°1) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
A merchant wants to mix 2 types of sugar that sell for $0.40 per gram and $0.60 per gram, respectively. If he wants a mixture of 5 grams that sells for $0.58 per gram, how many grams of each should he mix?
ANSWER: 0.5 GRAMS OF $0.40 PLUS 4.5 GRAMS OF $0.602) Toss Up - General Science - Short Answer
What is the term for the day (or the instant) that the Sun’s ecliptic path is at its greatest northern or southern declination?
ANSWER: SOLSTICE2) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer
What is the name for a strong, steel vessel used for carrying out chemical reactions and sterilizations at high temperature and pressure?
ANSWER: AUTOCLAVE3) Toss Up - Energy - Short Answer
During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton gradient is used to drive which enzyme?
ANSWER: ATP SYNTHASE3) Bonus - Energy - Multiple Choice
What is the approximate Gibbs free energy change per mole associated with oxidation of glucose?
W) -3000 kilojoules
X) -3000 joules
Y) 3000 joules
Z) 3000 kilojoules
4) Toss Up - Energy - Short Answer
An engine yields 100 watts of power for every 1000 watts received. What is the efficiency of the engine?
ANSWER: 10%4) Bonus - Energy - Short Answer
Using 750 watts per horsepower, if a 120 horsepower engine ran for 10 hours, how much energy, in kilowatt hours, would it consume? Provide your answer to the nearest integer.
ANSWER: 9005) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the human body?
ANSWER: 125) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
In a grasshopper, the eardrums are located
W) behind the legs.
X) on the antennae.
Y) under the compound eyes.
Z) under the simple eye.
6) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
Encephalitis is an infection of what organ?
ANSWER: BRAIN6) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
Select the human trait that is not polygenic.
W) ABO blood type
X) body weight
Y) height
Z) skin color
7) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
Most astronomers believe that these celestial bodies are at the center of quasars and are the main reason for their large energy emissions:
ANSWER: BLACK HOLES7) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
These doughnut shaped zones of atomic particles consists of electrons and protons captured by the Earth’s magnetic field from the solar winds and are called:
ANSWER: VAN ALLEN BELTS8) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Why do the bubbles from a freshly opened bottle of champagne grow as they rise to the surface?
W) Fluid pressure falls as the bubble rises in the glass.
X) The bubble continues to accumulate dissolved gas molecules as it moves through the champagne.
Y) The bubble does expansive work on the champagne as it loses potential energy.
Z) Friction with the champagne heats the gas inside the bubble.
8) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
The bubbles in a glass of champagne form a steady stream and leave the surface of the glass in regular time intervals. Why is this?
W) It takes a constant amount of time for gas from the air to make it to the growing bubble.
X) The bubbles occur due to vibrations in the room that have a constant frequency.
Y) The bubbles rise when the buoyant force exceeds the adhesive force.
Z) The bubbles form due to pressure waves in the champagne that have a constant wavelength.
9) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which organelle has been shown to contain DNA?
W) Ribosome
X) Mitochondria
Y) Golgi Apparatus
Z) none of the above
9) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
Cro-Magnons differed from Neanderthals because they had each of the following except
W) a complex culture.
X) great art.
Y) heavy-set bodies.
Z) a variety of tools and spear points.
10) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a consequence of Gauss's law for magnetism?
W) A changing magnetic flux through a loop creates an electric current around the loop
X) Charges must be moving to produce magnetic fields
Y) A time-varying electric flux acts as a current and produces a magnetic field
Z) Magnetic monopoles do not exist
10) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Which of the following three choices has the longest period: 1) a pendulum [PEN-juh-luhm] on Earth with a cord length of 3 meters, 2) a pendulum on the Moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is roughly 1.6 meters per second squared, with a cord length of 1 meter, or 3) a pendulum on Jupiter, where acceleration due to gravity is 26 meters per second squared, with a cord length of 10 meters?
ANSWER: 2 (ACCEPT: PENDULUM ON THE MOON)11) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
What is the most common statistical term for the assumption, when comparing sample means, that there is no significant difference between the two samples?
ANSWER: NULL HYPOTHESIS11) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice
Using the Cartesian coordinate system, find the distance between the points (-4, 3) and (2, 6):
W) `3sqrt(5)`
X) `sqrt(12)`
Y) `3`
Z) `5sqrt(3)`
12) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A charged particle moves through an area of space at a constant speed and direction. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
W) There is no magnetic field
X) There could be magnetic and electric fields oriented in the same direction
Y) There could be magnetic and electric fields oriented perpendicularly to one another
Z) There could be magnetic and electric fields oriented opposite to one another
12) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
A household appliance runs on 120 volts and has an internal resistance of 100 ohms. Providing your answer to the nearest integer, how much power, in watts, does this appliance use?
ANSWER: 14413) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer
Arrange the following 3 choices in order of increasing bond energies: O2; N2; F2
ANSWER: F2; O2; N213) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
All elements in a given period of the periodic table have similar:
W) valence-shell electron configuration
X) maximum principal quantum number
Y) atomic radii
Z) atomic number
14) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
In a third-class lever, the
W) fulcrum is between the effort force and the resistance force.
X) effort force is between the resistance force and the fulcrum.
Y) resistance force is between the effort force and the fulcrum.
Z) none of these
14) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
A new neutron source is being proposed in which a beam of protons smashes into a target of liquid mercury. What is the term applied to this type of neutron production?
ANSWER: SPALLATION15) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
According to classical electromagnetism, what makes Maxwell’s equations imbalanced?
W) Electric fields are stronger than magnetic fields
X) Magnetic fields are stronger than electric fields
Y) Electric monopoles do not exist
Z) Magnetic monopoles do not exist
15) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
If magnetic monopoles were found to exist, which (if any) of Maxwell’s equations would have to be modified? I. Gauss’s law II. Gauss’s law for magnetism III. Faraday’s law IV. Ampere’s law with Maxwell’s correction
ANSWER: II, III16) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
What is the electric flux through a 100 m by 100 m board located perpendicular to a uniform electric field of strength 10 N/C.
W) 0
X) 1,000 N / (C • m)
Y) 10,000 N / (C • m)
Z) 100,000 N / (C • m)
16) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the name of the group of equations that can describe all the interactions of electromagnetism?
ANSWER: MAXWELL’S EQUATION17) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the luster of quartz:
W) dull
X) silky
Y) metallic
Z) vitreous
17) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding earthquakes:
W) scientists agree that mega-quakes of magnitude 10 are very likely in the near future
X) the world’s greatest earthquake zone is the circum-Pacific seismic belt
Y) Alaska has the greatest number of earthquakes in the U.S.
Z) deep earthquakes are much less likely to be followed by aftershocks than shallow earthquakes
18) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
An ideal voltage source is connected across a resistor of resistance R, and current flows. If another resistor of resistance R is attached in parallel to the first one, by what factor does the current flowing the the original resistor change?
W) 1/2
X) 1
Y) 2
Z) 4
18) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
Which of Maxwell’s laws is directly based on the universal absence of magnetic monopoles?
ANSWER: GAUSS’S LAW FOR MAGNETISM19) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
Which of the following organelles can provide simple differentiation between the physiological characteristics of erythroblasts and erythrocytes?
W) Endoplasmic reticulum
X) Cell nucleus
Y) Mitochondria
Z) Golgi apparatus
19) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice
The resting potentials of neurons depend on what two ions?
W) Lead and calcium
X) Calcium and nitrate
Y) Sodium and potassium
Z) Potassium and phosphate
20) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
One-fifth of 0.04% is equal to:
W) `8 xx 10^-2`
X) `8 xx 10^-3`
Y) `8 xx 10^-4`
Z) `8 xx 10^-5`
20) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Find the prime factorization of 240:
ANSWER: 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 (ACCEPT: 24 x 3 x 5)21) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice
Halving a musical note’s amplitude
W) halves its frequency.
X) decreases its loudness.
Y) doubles its speed.
Z) halves its wavelength.
21) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer
What is the name for the process for making hydrocarbon oils from coal, lignite, or natural gas, which was first used in Germany?
ANSWER: FISHER-TROPSCH (PROCESS)22) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
If e is the charge of an electron, which of the following cannot be an object’s total charge?
W) e
X) 466e
Y) 500e
Z) 515.5e
22) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
If h is Planck’s reduced constant, which of the following could not be an energy associated with a 300 radians per second angular frequency?
W) 300h
X) 2700h
Y) 3400h
Z) 6000h
23) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer
The statement that, “The path of each planet about the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus” is best known as what law?
ANSWER: KEPLER’S 1st LAW23) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
The star Sirius was referred to by what common name by mariners of the 19th century?
ANSWER: DOG STAR24) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A loop of wire starts at rest in a uniform, infinitely large magnetic field. It is oriented perpendicularly to the field and accelerates at a rate of 2 meters per second squared, enclosing a total area of 4 square meters. What is the magnitude of the induced voltage?
W) 2 V
X) 4 V
Y) 8 V
Z) 0 V
24) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
A deeply impressive pistol fires a bullet at 60% the speed of light in a vacuum. Before the bullet is fired, it has a mass of 20 grams. What is its mass in the lab frame after it is fired?
ANSWER: 25 GRAMS25) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
New evidence suggests that the remnant of a star that became a Supernova is usually
W) a White Dwarf
X) a neutron star
Y) a Black Hole
Z) a Quasar
25) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true for ORION? Orion is:
W) the brightest star in the sky
X) a constellation
Y) the name given to a NASA spacecraft
Z) an asteroid