1) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer
Most shelled organisms in the ocean make their shells out of calcium carbonate. What effect would increasing ocean acidity have on the shells of these organisms?
ANSWER: DISSOLVE/CORRODE THEIR SHELLS1) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
In the 1960s, a group of bacteria were discovered with magnetic crystals in a specialized organelle. It is believed that these bacteria used the crystals to help them align with what natural phenomenon?
ANSWER: THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD2) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
What is the most common name for the theorem proved by Gauss which states that "every polynomial of degree n > 1 with real or complex coefficients has n real or complex roots"?
ANSWER: THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA2) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Simplify the following fractional radicand to an expression that has the lowest whole number radicand: `sqrt(2/3)`
ANSWER: `1/3 sqrt(6)`3) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
For which values of x from the set of real numbers does the following inequality hold: 8x - 6 < 2x + 6 (read as: 8x - 6 is less than 2x + 6)
W) x < 2 (read as: x is less than 2)
X) x > 2 (read as: x is greater than 2)
Y) x < 4 (read as: x is less than 4)
Z) x > 4 (read as: x is greater than 4)
3) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
The remainder obtained when `3x^4 + 7x^3 + 8x^2 - 2x - 3` is divided by `x + 1` is what?
ANSWER: 34) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice
What chemicals do peroxisomes [pe-ro-KSI-sohms] use to oxidize other compounds?
W) Mono-diglyceride [dy-GLIS-uh-ryd]
X) Nitrogen dioxide
Y) Hydrogen peroxide
Z) Dihydrogen monoxide
4) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer
Name all of the following five insect orders that have adults with chewing mouthparts: 1) Hemiptera [hi-MIP-ter-uh], 2) Strepsiptera [strep-sip-TER-uh], 3) Homoptera, 4) Lepidoptera [lep-i-DOP-ter-uh], 5) Coleoptera [koh-lee-OP-ter-uh].
ANSWER: COLEOPTERA (ACCEPT: 5)5) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
In which of the following lakes in North America would you typically find a thriving community of halophiles and alkaliphiles:
W) Lake Michigan
X) Mono Lake, California
Y) Great Slave Lake, Canada
Z) Lake Powell, Utah/Arizona
5) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice
Which of the following BEST explains why Mono Lake in California is hypersaline:
W) it has no outlet and a high evaporation rate
X) it is subject to extreme saltwater intrusion emanating from a vast system of underground aquifers
Y) it is underlain by massive salt domes formed 250 million years ago
Z) it has been subjected to periodic eruptions of volcanic ash
6) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
What is the effective resistance of two 5 Ω resistors in series?
W) 5/2 Ω
X) 5/4 Ω
Y) 5 Ω
Z) 10 Ω
6) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
What is the effective capacitance of five capacitors connected in series that have a capacitance of 5 F, 4 F, 3 F, 2 F, and 1 F?
ANSWER: 60/137 F OR 0.438 F7) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A 3 kilogram object is dropped from a height of 1 km on the planet Najeun, where the gravity is 1/2 that of Earth’s. (Assume Earth’s gravity to be 10 m/s2.) How many seconds later will the object hit the ground?
W) 15 s
X) 20 s
Y) 25 s
Z) 30 s
7) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
A 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s has an inelastic collision with a 3 kg object at rest. What is the new speed of the combined objects?
ANSWER: 6/5 M/S8) Toss Up - Energy - Short Answer
The DOE is creating new wind turbine blades whose shape are based on what plant?
ANSWER: PALM TREES8) Bonus - Energy - Multiple Choice
What is the approximate maximum theoretical efficiency of a wind turbine?
W) 20%
X) 40%
Y) 60%
Z) 80%
9) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Pallas, Iris, Hidalgo, and Adonis are all well known to
astronomers as:
W) variable stars
X) minor planets
Y) places on mars
Z) mountains on the moon
9) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
A star with a brightness at the lower limit of human vision is typically given what value?
ANSWER: 610) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
Telescope A's mirror has three times the diameter of telescope B's. How much greater is A's light-gathering power?
W) 3 times
X) 6 times
Y) 8 times
Z) 9 times
10) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
A motion induced change in the observed wavelength of a wave is known as
W) an energy burst
X) the Doppler Effect
Y) kirchhoffs laws
Z) the Bohr model
11) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
The maximum height of a projectile with an initial speed of 20.0m/s and a launch angle of 30.0 degrees is ?m
W) 5/g
X) 100/g
Y) 50/g
Z) 5
11) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer
How long is this projectile in the air? ( to 1 decimal place)
ANSWER: 2.0SEC12) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer
Assume a ray of light is incident on a smooth reflecting surface at an angle of incidence of 15 degrees to the normal. What is the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray?
ANSWER: 30 DEGREES12) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
An organ pipe that is open at both ends resonates at its fundamental
frequency. Neglecting any end effects, what wavelength is formed by this pipe in this mode
of vibration if the pipe is 2 meters long?
W) 2 meters
X) 4 meters
Y) 6 meters
Z) 8 meters.
13) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
Evaluate `log((10^x xx 100)/(10,000))`(read as: log of the quantity 10 to the x times 100 over 10 thousand)
W) `2 - x`
X) `x - 2`
Y) `x + 3`
Z) `10x`
13) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Find the polynomial with real coefficients, leading coefficient 1, and least degree that has 2 + 3i as a zero.
ANSWER: `x^2 - 4x +13`14) Toss Up - Earth Science - Short Answer
What are valleys formed by glacial erosion that typically appear on a downhill slope and sometimes are filled with water to become tarns called?
ANSWER: Cirques (Accept "Corrie")14) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer
Name all of the following features that are associated with glaciers 1: Drumlin 2: Fjord 3: V-Shaped valleys 4: Sorted deposition
ANSWER: 1 and 2 only15) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice
The Earth’s climate has been warming since the last glacial period which ended about how many years ago:
W) 10,000 - 20,000
X) 30,000 - 40,000
Y)50,000 - 60,000
Z) 75,000 - 100,000
15) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer
What pioneer bacteriologist in 1905 won the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for his work on tuberculosis and whose principles for investigating the causes of infectious diseases established clinical bacteriology as a medical science:
ANSWER: ROBERT KOCH (ACCEPT: KOCH)16) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
If the graph of the complex number z = 3 + 4i is rotated 90° counterclockwise, what complex number is represented by the result?
ANSWER: -4 + 3i16) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a solution for x of the equation `2^(x-2) = pi^x` [2 to the quantity x minus 2 equals pi to the x]?
W) `log(4)/(log(2)-log(pi))` [the fraction with numerator log of 4 and denominator log of 2 minus log of pi]
X) `log(4)/(log(pi)-log(2))` [the fraction with numerator log of 4 and denominator log of pi minus log of 2]
Y) `(log(pi)-log(2))/log(4)` [the fraction with numerator log of pi minus log of 2 and denominator log of 4]
Z) `(log(2)-log(pi))/log(4)` [the fraction with numerator log of 2 minus log of pi and denominator log of 4]
17) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice
A 10-kilogram monkey is riding in an elevator that is moving upward at 2 meters per second and accelerating downward at 2 meters per second squared. What is the apparent weight of the monkey?
W) 80 Newtons
X) 100 Newtons
Y) 120 Newtons
Z) 200 Newtons
17) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice
A 0.10-kilogram ball is dropped from a height of 5.0 meters and experiences a perfectly elastic collision with the ground. What is the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the ball?
W) 1.0 Newton-second
X) 1.5 Newton-seconds
Y) 2.0 Newton-seconds
Z) 2.5 Newton-seconds
18) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
A system for the representation of a point in space in terms of its distance, measured along a set of mutually perpendicular axes is called
W) Cartesian coordinates
X) Polar coordinates
Y) Cassini coordinates
Z) Weissmann coordinates
18) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a rational number:
W) `1+sqrt(4)`
X) `2+sqrt(5)`
Y) `6i`
Z) `pi`
19) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Which of the following molecules has the highest bond enthalpy, or energy it would take to break apart the bond:
W) F2
X) H2
Y) HCl
Z) CO
19) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
Silver iodide, or AgI, is LEAST soluble in which of the following aqueous solutions:
W) NaOH
X) distilled water
Y) HNO3
Z) KI
20) Toss Up - General Science - Short Answer
Occasionally, a bad cold will cause a decrease in a person’s hearing ability. What is the name of the tube that becomes blocked to cause this problem?
ANSWER: EUSTACHIAN TUBE (pron: yu-stay-shen)20) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice
In which country was a method for making rust-resistant iron
discovered in the fifth century B.C.?
W) Sumeria
X) Egypt
Y) India
Z) Babylon
21) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer
Given `g(x) = (1-cos(x))/(x^2)` [g of x equals the fraction with numerator 1 minus cosine of x and denominator x squared], find `lim_(x->0) g(x)` [the limit as x approaches 0 of g of x].
ANSWER: 1/221) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
A store has been buying a certain type of calculator at $25 and selling them at $40. At this price, they have been selling 50 calculators per month. The owner of the store wishes to increase the price of the calculator and estimates that for each $1 increase in price, 3 fewer calculators will be sold each month. Determine the price, to the nearest dollar, that maximizes profit.
ANSWER: $4122) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice
Which of the following is equivalent to `sin24°cos17° + cos24°sin17°` [sine of 24 degrees times cosine of 17 degrees plus cosine of 24 degrees times sine of 17 degrees]?
W) Sine of 7°
X) Cosine of 41°
Y) Sine of 41°
Z) Tangent of 41°
22) Bonus - Math - Short Answer
Solve for `x`: `5 + sqrt(x+14) = x + 7` [5 plus the square root of the quantity x plus 14 equais x plus 7],
ANSWER: 2 (DO NOT ACCEPT: -5)23) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice
A programmer must follow the rules for coding a particular
programming language. These rules are called
W) pseudocode.
X) iteration.
Y) syntax.
Z) documentation.
23) Bonus - Computer Science - Multiple Choice
Object-oriented programming involves all of the following except
W) polymorphism.
X) application generator.
Y) encapsulation.
Z) inheritance.
24) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice
A variety of manufacturing processes may be employed in nanotechnology. Which of the following processes can coat almost anything by transferring material from its source to the substrate without changing chemical composition?
W) E-beam
X) Nanoscale printing
Y) Vapor deposition
Z) Soft lithography
24) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer
Arrange the following three methods of solvent degassing in order from least effective to most effective: 1) atmosphere exchange under sonication, 2) purging, 3) freeze-pump-thaw.
ANSWER: 2, 1, 3 (ACCEPT: PURGING, ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE UNDER SONICATION, FREEZE-PUMP-THAW)25) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice
From mid-northern latitudes, during which of the following months would the constellation Orion be most prominent in the southern sky at about 10 PM:
W) April
X) July
Y) August
Z) December
25) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer
What is the most common term for the apparent dividing line between night and day on the Moon?
ANSWER: TERMINATOR