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1) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

In the graph of a curve such as the cosecant curve, the straight vertical line to which the curve moves closer and closer is called what:

ANSWER: ASYMPTOTE
1) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

What is the 10th term in the following arithmetic progression: 2, 7, 12...

ANSWER: 47 (Solution: `a_n = 2 + (10 - 1)5`)
2) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

Because of the viscosity of fluids that flow adjacent to a solid surface, fluids near the border between a fluid and solid are often almost stationary. What is this part of the fluid called?

ANSWER: BOUNDARY LAYER
2) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

One atmosphere is closest to
W) 102 Pa
X) 103 Pa
Y) 104 Pa
Z) 105 Pa

ANSWER: Z) 105 Pa
3) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

If gas A undergoes combustion faster than gas B under the same conditions, what factor accounts for the difference in rates?
W) Surface area
X) Concentration
Y) Nature of the reactants
Z) Temperature

ANSWER: Y-- NATURE OF THE REACTANTS
3) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Whenever products have more disorder than reactants
W) delta H is negative.
X) delta H is positive.
Y) delta S is negative.
Z) delta S is positive.

ANSWER: Z-- DELTA S IS POSITIVE
4) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

Coming from the Greek work meaning 'transformation', this state function measures quantifies the unavailability of a system's energy to do useful work. In statistical thermodynamics, it denotes the number of microstates of a system.

ANSWER: ENTROPY
4) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

This is a 45 degree - 45 degree - 90 degree prism, in which light enters and leaves at right angles to the hypotenuse, and is totally reflected at each shorter face.
W) endoprism
X) Porro prism
Y) pipe prism
Z) Snell prism

ANSWER: X) PORRO PRISM
5) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice

Which of the following intervals contains both solutions of `x^2 - 3x = 0`?
W) 0 less than x less than 2
X) 0 less than x less than 4
Y) 0 less than or equal to x less than 4
Z) -3 less than x less than or equal to 2

ANSWER: Y) 0 less than or equal to x less than 4
5) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

Find the sum of every odd integer between 5 and 55, inclusive.

ANSWER: 780
6) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

How many times as intense is 60 decibels than 30 decibels?

ANSWER: 1,000
6) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

What is the minimal force, in newtons to the first decimal place, that a mother must exert to vertically lift her 4 kilogram baby out of her play pen?

ANSWER: 39.2 (Solution: w = mg = (4kg)(9.8m/s2) = 39.2N)
7) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following would offer the most protection against power-failure data loss:
W) UPS
X) surge protector
Y) data backup
Z) line conditioner

ANSWER: W) UPS
7) Bonus - Computer Science - Short Answer

What is the name for the measure of memory or storage capacity that is equal to 2 to the 40th power bytes or, in decimal, approximately a thousand gigabytes?

ANSWER: TERABYTE
8) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice

A Java compiler creates
W) JNI.
X) native machine code.
Y) byte-code.
Z) JVM.

ANSWER: Y-- BYTE-CODE
8) Bonus - Computer Science - Multiple Choice

The original IBM PC, with an 8088 microprocessor, had a maximum clock speed of
W) 33 MegaHertz.
X) 25 MegaHertz.
Y) 14.4 MegaHertz.
Z) 8 MegaHertz.

ANSWER: Z-- 8 MEGAHERTZ
9) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

The conversion of olein, a liquid oil, into stearin, a solid fat, by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst and high heat is commonly known as what type of reaction?

ANSWER: HYDROGENATION
9) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

How many parts per million of arsenic are in a 2-gram water sample if it contains 8.0 micrograms of arsenic?

ANSWER: 4
10) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Who was the first physicist, in the 16th centruy, given credit for work on ballastics determining the 45o angle gives maximum distance
W) Newton
X) Tartaglia
Y) Guericke
Z) Shell

ANSWER: X) TARTAGLIA
10) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

Who is given credit for developing the first air pump

ANSWER: OTTO GUERICKE
11) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

The strain caused by repulsion between groups in an eclipsed conformation is known as what kind of strain?

ANSWER: TORSIONAL
11) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is a Lewis acid but not a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
W) Fe3+
X) H30+
Y) HSO4-
Z) NH3

ANSWER: W) Fe3+
12) Toss Up - Math - Short Answer

What is the region between two concentric circles called?

ANSWER: an annulus
12) Bonus - Math - Multiple Choice

Where does the function y = 2x squared + 4 meet the x axis?
W) -2
X) -1
Y) 1/2
Z) none of the above

ANSWER: Z) none of the above
13) Toss Up - Astronomy - Short Answer

If the surface temperature of a star increased from 6,000 kelvin to 18,000 kelvin, how many times as much energy would it radiate?

ANSWER: 81
13) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer

Using the most common temperature-based spectral classification system, a star with an apparent color of blue and a surface temperature of 55,000 kelvin would have what spectral letter classification?

ANSWER: O
14) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

What specific part of any member of the Anthophyta produces pollen?

ANSWER: STAMEN (ACCEPT: ANTHER)
14) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

Which one of the following 4 plant groups is phenotypically and phylogenetically LEAST related to the others: ferns; liverworts; hornworts; mosses

ANSWER: FERNS
15) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Elementary fermions are categorized into two classes. They are
W) bosons and leptons
X) hadrons and quarks
Y) baryons and mesons
Z) quarks and leptons

ANSWER: Z) QUARKS AND LEPTONS
15) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

What two quarks make up the third generation of quarks?

ANSWER: TOP AND BOTTOM
16) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

As the temperature of the air increases from 0 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius, the wavelength of a sound made by a tuning fork of fixed frequency does which of the following?
W) increases
X) decreases
Y) remains the same
Z) increases up to a maximum, then remains constant

ANSWER: W-- INCREASES
16) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

A 10,000-watt motor operates an elevator weighing 5000 newtons. Assuming no frictional losses, how high is the elevator raised in 10 seconds?
W) 2 meters
X) 20 meters
Y) 50 meters
Z) 100 meters

ANSWER: X-- 20 METERS
17) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas, the system's heat gain is proportional to a change in
W) mass
X) volume
Y) pressure
Z) internal energy

ANSWER: Z) INTERNAL ENERGY
17) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

When I stand half way between two speakers, with one on my left and one on my right, a musical note from the speakers gives me constructive interference. How far to my left should I move to obtain destructive interference?
W) one fourth of a wavelength
X) half a wavelength
Y) one wavelength
Z) one and a half wavelengths

ANSWER: W) ONE FOURTH OF A WAVELENGTH
18) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

What percent of stars in the sky that appear to be single stars are actually binary stars:
W) about 90%
X) about 50%
Y) about 20%
Z) about .5%

ANSWER: X) ABOUT 50%
18) Bonus - Astronomy - Short Answer

Of the three types of meteorites, which is the most common, in terms of the number of samples, to fall to Earth in recorded history:

ANSWER: STONY METEORITES
19) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the source of alpha radiation most often used in household ionization smoke detectors:
W) americium-241
X) uranium-238
Y) radium-226
Z) iron-59

ANSWER: W) AMERICIUM-241
19) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer

Calculate the heating degree day in the U.S. if the day’s high temperature is 70°F and the low is 30°F:

ANSWER: 15 (Solution: (70° + 30°)/2 = 50°; 65° - 50° = 15 HDD)
20) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice

Which of the following values for a and b provide a counterexample to the statement "If 4 divides a + b, then 4 divides a or 4 divides b."
W) a = 5 and b = 7
X) a = 5 and b = 6
Y) a = 4 and b = 8
Z) a = 4 and b = 6

ANSWER: W) a = 5 AND b = 7
20) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

Providing your answer as an improper fraction in lowest terms, what is the area under the curve bounded by the x-axis, `x = 4` and `y = sqrt(x)`?

ANSWER: 16/3
21) Toss Up - Math - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the equation for the tangent line for `y = x^4` at the point (1, 1):
W) `y = 4x - 3`
X) `y = 4x - 1`
Y) `y = 4x + 1`
Z) `y = 4x + 3`

ANSWER: W) `y = 4x - 3`
21) Bonus - Math - Short Answer

Solve the following equation for x over the set of complex numbers, giving your answer in simplest form: `x^2 - 10x + 34 = 0`

ANSWER: `5 + 3i` and `5 - 3i`
22) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

An object is placed 1 meter from a concave mirror with radius of curvature 2 meters. The image
W) forms 2 meters behind the mirror
X) forms 1 meter behind the mirror
Y) forms 4 meters in front of the mirror
Z) does not form

ANSWER: Z) DOES NOT FORM
22) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

A biconvex lens with focal length 20 centimeters is placed in the indentation of a biconcave lens with focal length -10 centimeters. Assuming thin lens approximation holds true, what is the net focal length of the system?

ANSWER: -20 CENTIMETERS
23) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

An earthquake-related hazard of lands reclaimed from the sea is
W) fissures
X) liquefaction
Y) landslides
Z) sinkhole development

ANSWER: X) LIQUEFACTION
23) Bonus - Earth Science - Short Answer

What mineral is a principal source of iron?

ANSWER: HEMATITE
24) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes, relative to the original cyclotron frequency, the new cyclotron frequency when the mass of the particle is doubled?
W) It is multiplied by 2
X) It is multiplied by sqrt(2)
Y) It is divided by 2
Z) It is divided by sqrt(2)

ANSWER: Y) It is divided by 2
24) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is closest to the maximum particle energy attainable by cyclotrons?
W) .5 MeV
X) 5 MeV
Y) 50 MeV
Z) 500 MeV

ANSWER: Z) 500 MeV
25) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a valid water mass defined by a unique temperature and salinity signature?
W) Antarctic bottom water
X) North Atlantic deep water
Y) Antarctic intermediate water
Z) Indian Ocean deep water

ANSWER: Z) INDIAN OCEAN DEEP WATER
25) Bonus - Earth And Space - Short Answer

What is the effect of plate tectonics on the width of the Atlantic Ocean?

ANSWER: IT IS BECOMING LARGER (ACCEPT: BECOMING WIDER)