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1) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

What is gauge pressure?
W) Another term for atmospheric pressure
X) the ratio of atmospheric pressure to absolute pressure
Y) the excess pressure above atmospheric pressure
Z) the pressure of a gas at high altitude

ANSWER: Y) THE EXCESS PRESSURE ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
1) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

What is the simplest pressure measuring device where the pressure is proportional to the difference in height of the two columns of liquid?
W) open tube manometer
X) mercury baramometer
Y) spygmemanometer
Z) Bourden pressure device

ANSWER: W) OPEN TUBE MANOMETER
2) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a gauge boson?
W) gluon
X) photon
Y) Z boson
Z) Higgs boson

ANSWER: Z) Higgs boson
2) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

What is the spin number of a gauge boson?

ANSWER: 1
3) Toss Up - General Science - Short Answer

What extremely abundant subatomic particles, previously believed to be massless, were found in 1998 to have mass?

ANSWER: NEUTRINOS
3) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice

One tablespoon, which is equivalent to three teaspoons, is also equivalent to
W) 1/6 fluid ounce
X) 1/2 fluid ounce
Y) 1 fluid ounce
Z) 2 fluid ounce

ANSWER: X) 1/2 FLUID OUNCE
4) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the molarity of a 3.0 liter solution that contains 21 grams of methane?
W) 0.15
X) 0.32
Y) 0.44
Z) 0.56

ANSWER: Y) 0.44
4) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

Given that the Ka of benzoic acid is `6.4 xx 10^-5` and its pKa is 4.2, providing your answer to one decimal place, what is the pH of a solution of 0.1 molar benzoic acid and 0.10 molar sodium benzoate?

ANSWER: 3.2
5) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Ligaments join
W) bone to muscle
X) bone to skin
Y) bone to bone
Z) muscle to connective tissue

ANSWER: Y) BONE TO BONE
5) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

Prokaryotic cells often divide by the process of:

ANSWER: BINARY FISSION (ACCEPT FISSION)
6) Toss Up - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

This sedimentary rock was used to build the Pantheon and the Colossium:
W) marble
X) travertine
Y) sandstone
Z) ironstone

ANSWER: X) travertine
6) Bonus - Earth Science - Multiple Choice

Boundaries that form where lithospheric plates are breaking apart to move away from each other are called:
W) transform boundaries
X) divergent margin boundaries
Y) suture zone boundaries
Z) subduction boundaries

ANSWER: X) divergent margin boundaries
7) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

The uncertainty principal permits the existence of virtual particles so long as their energy times the time they exist is a fraction of what constant?

ANSWER: PLANCK'S CONSTANT
7) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

In beta minus decay:
W) an up quark in a proton becomes a down quark and a W- boson
X) a down quark in a proton becomes an up quark and a W- boson
Y) an up quark in a neutron becomes a down quark and a W- boson
Z) a down quark in a neutron becomes an up quark and a W- boson

ANSWER: Z) A DOWN QUARK IN A NEUTRON BECOMES AN UP QUARK AND A W- BOSON
8) Toss Up - Earth And Space - Short Answer

What class of stars were first identified as important astronomically by Henrietta Leavitt in 1908?

ANSWER: Cepheid Variable
8) Bonus - Earth And Space - Multiple choice

Which of the following materials exhibit piezoelectricity
W) Quartz
X) Corundum
Y) Emerald
Z) Cummingtonite

ANSWER: W) Quartz
9) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

Two identical containers labeled A and B are filled with different liquids. The density of the liquid in A is two times the one in B. The volume of A is half the volume of B. Upon weighing, which of the following is true:
W) A weighs twice B
X) B weighs twice A
Y) A and B weigh the same
Z) A weighs one-quarter less than B

ANSWER: Y) A AND B WEIGH THE SAME
9) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer

Order the following soils from those with the smallest particle size to those with the largest particle size: sand; gravel; silt; clay

ANSWER: CLAY; SILT; SAND; GRAVEL
10) Toss Up - Energy - Multiple Choice

Which of the following BEST describes the process of coal liquefaction?
W) It converts coal into synthetic fuels
X) It reduces carbon dioxide emissions in coal plants
Y) It removes sulfur from coal in coal plants
Z) It converts coal into an easily transportable form

ANSWER: W) IT CONVERTS COAL INTO SYNTHETIC FUELS
10) Bonus - Energy - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a disadvantage of flexible fuel vehicles?
W) They get about 25% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85
X) They experience significant loss in power when operating on E85
Y) They are very different than gasoline-only models
Z) The technology is untested

ANSWER: W) THEY GET ABOUT 25% FEWER MILES PER GALLON WHEN FUELED WITH E85
11) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

The Planck law for radiation was developed to resolve what paradox in previous models for the radiation of energy from black bodies at small wavelengths?

ANSWER: THE ULTRAVIOLET CATASTROPHE (ACCEPT: RAYLEIGH-JEANS CATASTROPHE)
11) Bonus - Physics - Multiple Choice

According to Wien’s law, which of the following would be the peak wavelength emitted by a black body if its temperature is 3000K:
W) 10 nm
X) 100 nm
Y) 1 mm
Z) 10 mm

ANSWER: Y) 1 mm
12) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Human skin pigmentation and height may vary greatly and are probably controlled by multiple genes. This is an example most specifically of:
W) pleiotropy
X) polygenic inheritance
Y) epistasis (read as: ep-ee-STAY-sis)
Z) incomplete codominance

ANSWER: X) POLYGENIC INHERITANCE
12) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

There are more possible antibodies to antigens than there are genes that code for these antibodies in the human genome. Which of the following BEST accounts for this:
W) genes mutate constantly in B cells
X) genes for antibodies are spliced together from different chromosomal loci
Y) antibodies have large amounts of cross reactivity with various antigens
Z) antibodies are only specific for certain parts of an antigen

ANSWER: X) GENES FOR ANTIBODIES ARE SPLICED TOGETHER FROM DIFFERENT CHROMOSOMAL LOCI
13) Toss Up - General Science - Short Answer

What is the name for a device used to vary the volume of air passing through a duct or air vent?

ANSWER: DAMPER
13) Bonus - General Science - Short Answer

What is the term used to describe the shallow water zone of a sea between high and low tides lines?

ANSWER: LITTORAL ZONE OR INTERTIDAL ZONE
14) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The acid dissociation constant measures an acid’s
W) concentration.
X) strength.
Y) number of protons.
Z) degree of sourness.

ANSWER: X-- STRENGTH
14) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The strength of a Bronsted-Lowry base is determined by its
W) effect on skin and clothing.
X) ability to furnish protons.
Y) degree of bitterness.
Z) attraction for protons.

ANSWER: Z-- ATTRACTION FOR PROTONS
15) Toss Up - Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following kinds of cells CANNOT be recharged?
W) Dry
X) Wet
Y) Primary
Z) Secondary

ANSWER: W) DRY
15) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

A 600-newton worker is standing 1.00 meters from the left end of a 200-newton scaffold that is 3.00 meters long and supported by cables at each end. What is the tension in newtons in the right-hand cable?

ANSWER: 300
16) Toss Up - Chemistry - Short Answer

Order the following by the strength of their intermolecular forces, from strongest to weakest. 1. Methane, 2. Chloromethane, 3. Water, 4. Ethanol

ANSWER: 3,4,2,1
16) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

What does napthalene smell like?

ANSWER: Mothball, insect killer, mold killer
17) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

The name given to numbers which are placed in front of symbols or formulas, and used to balance the number of atoms in an equation is

ANSWER: COEFFICIENT OF STOICHIOMETRY (STOICHIOMETRIC COEFFICIENT)
17) Bonus - Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the volume (in liters) occupied by 71 grams of chlorine gas at STP?

ANSWER: 22.4 LITERS (accept 22 to 23 LITERS)
18) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

Active transport requires energy derived from
W) building of water molecules
X) digestion by lysosomes
Y) lipids
Z) ATP hydrolysis

ANSWER: Z) ATP HYDROLYSIS
18) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

Microvilli in the small intestine
W) increase the surface area of the intestinal lining
X) lack a blood supply
Y) store waste products
Z) transport amino acids into the digestive tract

ANSWER: W) INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA OF THE INTESTINAL LINING
19) Toss Up - Biology - Short Answer

What do we call substances that endocrine glands produce?

ANSWER: HORMONES
19) Bonus - Biology - Multiple Choice

The function of the alveoli is
W) air storage
X) blood production
Y) gas exchange
Z) oxygen production

ANSWER: Y) GAS EXCHANGE
20) Toss Up - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

Which is true of globular star clusters?
W) They contain more stars than most galaxies
X) They orbit the center of the galaxy
Y) They are 10,000 light years in diameter
Z) They are active sites of star formation

ANSWER: X) THEY ORBIT THE CENTER OF THE GALAXY
20) Bonus - Astronomy - Multiple Choice

What is the Moon's phase at a lunar eclipse?
W) New
X) Full
Y) First Quarter
Z) Third Quarter

ANSWER: X) FULL
21) Toss Up - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the follow is true regarding complex ions?
W) Their formation constants are usually very small and they often form colored coordination compounds.
X) Their formation constants are usually very small and they often form colorless coordination compounds.
Y) Their formation constants are usually very large and they often form colored coordination compounds.
Z) Their formation constants are usually very large and they often form colorless coordination compounds.

ANSWER: Y) Their formation constants are usually very large and they often form colored coordination compounds.
21) Bonus - Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a monodentate ligand?
W) Oxalate
X) Chloride Ion
Y) Aluminum (III) Ion
Z) Ammonium Ion

ANSWER: X) Chloride Ion
22) Toss Up - Physics - Short Answer

Which of the following machines can be considered wheel and axle simple machines: Clocks, Bicycles, propellers, seesaw, pair of scissors, Atwood machine.

ANSWER: CLOCKS, BICYCLES, AND PROPELLERS (1,2,3)
22) Bonus - Physics - Short Answer

Which scientist originated the idea of a simple machine and discovered the principle of mechanical advantage?

ANSWER: ARCHIMEDE
23) Toss Up - General Science - Multiple Choice

In which of the following processes would isinglass (read as: eye-zen-glass) most likely be used:
W) clarification of beers and wines
X) baking of yeast-free breads
Y) glazing of ceramics
Z) thickening of puddings

ANSWER: W) CLARIFICATION OF BEERS AND WINES
23) Bonus - General Science - Multiple Choice

In which of the following instances would using a student t-test be most appropriate:
W) comparing yes or no answers on a single question on a questionnaire
X) determining statistical differences between 5 different age groups of males that received a drug that increases red blood cell production
Y) finding the statistical differences between two groups in an experiment on a drug’s effect in raising or lowering blood pressure
Z) comparing the strengths of 5 different types of fishing lines

ANSWER: Y) FINDING THE STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO GROUPS IN AN EXPERIMENT ON A DRUG’S EFFECT IN RAISING OR LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE
24) Toss Up - Biology - Multiple Choice

In which of the following organ systems of the human body do chief cells primarily function:
W) excretory
X) digestive
Y) nervous
Z) reproductive

ANSWER: X) DIGESTIVE
24) Bonus - Biology - Short Answer

What section of the small intestine is the first to receive gastric contents?

ANSWER: DUODENUM
25) Toss Up - Computer Science - Multiple Choice

In the JAVA language, the output of a JAVA compiler is known as what type of file?
W) a class file
X) a method file
Y) a pseudo-binary file
Z) an object-oriented program

ANSWER: W-- A CLASS FILE
25) Bonus - Computer Science - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a method for diagonalization of large matrices?
W) Graham-Schmidt orthogonalization
X) Spline projection
Y) Bessel’s method
Z) Lanczos’ algorithm (pron: lan-sose)

ANSWER: Z-- THE LANCZOS’ ALGORITHM